如何使用优先级天花板协议解决任务阻塞

如何使用优先级天花板协议解决任务阻塞,第1张

这时一个中等优先级的task进来:

1*访问临界资源*.避免优先级倒置(Priority Inversion):

1,计数信号量可记录信号量释放的次数, SEM_FOREVER), 而不会死锁

semGive(sem_ID)。

其实质是.只能由已经获取了互斥信号量的任务去释放它

semGive(sem_ID).互斥信号量只能用于互斥操作semaphore options */ ,可以用来监视某一资源的使用状况。

2

/。其不同点在于*访问临界资源*。

4。

如果一个任务task1试图删除一个已经被保护起来的任务task2.互斥信号量不支持semFlush()操作可以实现安全删除

}

funA()

{

semTake(sem_ID;在执行semGive()操作之后,并抢占了task1的CPU。这种现象就是先级倒置就可以避免倒置.Deletion Safety(安全删除)

使用,直到task2解除保护(释放掉具有删除保护的互斥信号量)才能完成删除工作。

SEM_INVERSION_SAFE不能与SEM_Q_FIFO配对,此时的表现是低优先级task在高优先级的task2前执行

}

funB()

{

semTake(sem_ID,隐含执行taskUnsafe()操作,隐含执行了taskSafe()操作

}

五.Counting Semaphores(计数信号量)

计数信号量与二进制信号量都可以用于任务之间的同步与互斥:semId = semMCreate(SEM_Q_FIFO SEM_DELETE_SAFE)递归访问。

应用方向:

在上图中。

3,task1的优先级提升与task2一样:在Task对互斥信号量执行semTake()操作并成功占有该信号量之前。

使用semId = semMCreate(SEM_Q_PRIORITY SEM_INVERSION_SAFE)!

2,task2等待task1的资源

funB()

,于是处于Pend状态, SEM_FOREVER),task1则将被阻塞起来。

此时.递归访问

[c-sharp] view plaincopy

InitFun()

{

sem_ID = semMCreate(…),至到task2执行完成

)

区别.中断服务程序(ISR)不可以释放(semGive())互斥信号量。

3

linux中的进程通信分为三个部分:低级通信,管道通信和进程间通信IPC(inter process communication)。linux的低级通信主要用来传递进程的控制信号——文件锁和软中断信号机制。linux的进程间通信IPC有三个部分——①信号量,②共享内存和③消息队列。以下是我编写的linux进程通信的C语言实现代码。操作系统为redhat9.0,编辑器为vi,编译器采用gcc。下面所有实现代码均已经通过测试,运行无误。

一.低级通信--信号通信

signal.c

#include

#include

#include

/*捕捉到信号sig之后,执行预先预定的动作函数*/

void sig_alarm(int sig)

{

printf("---the signal received is %d. /n", sig)

signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL)//SIGINT终端中断信号,SIG_DFL:恢复默认行为,SIN_IGN:忽略信号

}

int main()

{

signal(SIGINT, sig_alarm)//捕捉终端中断信号

while(1)

{

printf("waiting here!/n")

sleep(1)

}

return 0

}

二.管道通信

pipe.c

#include

#define BUFFER_SIZE 30

int main()

{

int x

int fd[2]

char buf[BUFFER_SIZE]

char s[BUFFER_SIZE]

pipe(fd)//创建管道

while((x=fork())==-1)//创建管道失败时,进入循环

/*进入子进程,子进程向管道中写入一个字符串*/

if(x==0)

{

sprintf(buf,"This is an example of pipe!/n")

write(fd[1],buf,BUFFER_SIZE)

exit(0)

}

/*进入父进程,父进程从管道的另一端读出刚才写入的字符串*/

else

{

wait(0)//等待子进程结束

read(fd[0],s,BUFFER_SIZE)//读出字符串,并将其储存在char s[]中

printf("%s",s)//打印字符串

}

return 0

}

三.进程间通信——IPC

①信号量通信

sem.c

#include

#include

#include

#include types.h>

#include ipc.h>

#include sem.h>

/*联合体变量*/

union semun

{

int val//信号量初始值

struct semid_ds *buf

unsigned short int *array

struct seminfo *__buf

}

/*函数声明,信号量定义*/

static int set_semvalue(void)//设置信号量

static void del_semvalue(void)//删除信号量

static int semaphore_p(void)//执行P操作

static int semaphore_v(void)//执行V操作

static int sem_id//信号量标识符

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{

int i

int pause_time

char op_char = 'O'

srand((unsigned int)getpid())

sem_id = semget((key_t)1234, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT)//创建一个信号量,IPC_CREAT表示创建一个新的信号量

/*如果有参数,设置信号量,修改字符*/

if (argc >1)

{

if (!set_semvalue())

{

fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize semaphore/n")

exit(EXIT_FAILURE)

}

op_char = 'X'

sleep(5)

}

for(i = 0i <10i++)

{

/*执行P操作*/

if (!semaphore_p())

exit(EXIT_FAILURE)

printf("%c", op_char)

fflush(stdout)

pause_time = rand() % 3

sleep(pause_time)

printf("%c", op_char)

fflush(stdout)

/*执行V操作*/

if (!semaphore_v())

exit(EXIT_FAILURE)

pause_time = rand() % 2

sleep(pause_time)

}

printf("/n%d - finished/n", getpid())

if (argc >1)

{

sleep(10)

del_semvalue()//删除信号量

}

exit(EXIT_SUCCESS)

}

/*设置信号量*/

static int set_semvalue(void)

{

union semun sem_union

sem_union.val = 1

if (semctl(sem_id, 0, SETVAL, sem_union) == -1)

return(0)

return(1)

}

/*删除信号量*/

static void del_semvalue(void)

{

union semun sem_union

if (semctl(sem_id, 0, IPC_RMID, sem_union) == -1)

fprintf(stderr, "Failed to delete semaphore/n")

}

/*执行P操作*/

static int semaphore_p(void)

{

struct sembuf sem_b

sem_b.sem_num = 0

sem_b.sem_op = -1/* P() */

sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO

if (semop(sem_id, &sem_b, 1) == -1)

{

fprintf(stderr, "semaphore_p failed/n")

return(0)

}

return(1)

}

/*执行V操作*/

static int semaphore_v(void)

{

struct sembuf sem_b

sem_b.sem_num = 0

sem_b.sem_op = 1/* V() */

sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO

if (semop(sem_id, &sem_b, 1) == -1)

{

fprintf(stderr, "semaphore_v failed/n")

return(0)

}

return(1)

}

②消息队列通信

send.c

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include types.h>

#include ipc.h>

#include msg.h>

#define MAX_TEXT 512

/*用于消息收发的结构体--my_msg_type:消息类型,some_text:消息正文*/

struct my_msg_st

{

long int my_msg_type

char some_text[MAX_TEXT]

}

int main()

{

int running = 1//程序运行标识符

struct my_msg_st some_data

int msgid//消息队列标识符

char buffer[BUFSIZ]

/*创建与接受者相同的消息队列*/

msgid = msgget((key_t)1234, 0666 | IPC_CREAT)

if (msgid == -1)

{

fprintf(stderr, "msgget failed with error: %d/n", errno)

exit(EXIT_FAILURE)

}

/*向消息队列中发送消息*/

while(running)

{

printf("Enter some text: ")

fgets(buffer, BUFSIZ, stdin)

some_data.my_msg_type = 1

strcpy(some_data.some_text, buffer)

if (msgsnd(msgid, (void *)&some_data, MAX_TEXT, 0) == -1)

{

fprintf(stderr, "msgsnd failed/n")

exit(EXIT_FAILURE)

}

if (strncmp(buffer, "end", 3) == 0)

{

running = 0

}

}

exit(EXIT_SUCCESS)

}

receive.c

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include types.h>

#include ipc.h>

#include msg.h>

/*用于消息收发的结构体--my_msg_type:消息类型,some_text:消息正文*/

struct my_msg_st

{

long int my_msg_type

char some_text[BUFSIZ]

}

int main()

{

int running = 1//程序运行标识符

int msgid//消息队列标识符

struct my_msg_st some_data

long int msg_to_receive = 0//接收消息的类型--0表示msgid队列上的第一个消息

/*创建消息队列*/

msgid = msgget((key_t)1234, 0666 | IPC_CREAT)

if (msgid == -1)

{

fprintf(stderr, "msgget failed with error: %d/n", errno)

exit(EXIT_FAILURE)

}

/*接收消息*/

while(running)

{

if (msgrcv(msgid, (void *)&some_data, BUFSIZ,msg_to_receive, 0) == -1)

{

fprintf(stderr, "msgrcv failed with error: %d/n", errno)

exit(EXIT_FAILURE)

}

printf("You wrote: %s", some_data.some_text)

if (strncmp(some_data.some_text, "end", 3) == 0)

{

running = 0

}

}

/*删除消息队列*/

if (msgctl(msgid, IPC_RMID, 0) == -1)

{

fprintf(stderr, "msgctl(IPC_RMID) failed/n")

exit(EXIT_FAILURE)

}

exit(EXIT_SUCCESS)

}

③共享内存通信

share.h

#define TEXT_SZ 2048 //申请共享内存大小

struct shared_use_st

{

int written_by_you//written_by_you为1时表示有数据写入,为0时表示数据已经被消费者提走

char some_text[TEXT_SZ]

}

producer.c

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include types.h>

#include ipc.h>

#include shm.h>

#include "share.h"

int main()

{

int running = 1//程序运行标志位

void *shared_memory = (void *)0

struct shared_use_st *shared_stuff

char buffer[BUFSIZ]

int shmid//共享内存标识符

/*创建共享内存*/

shmid = shmget((key_t)1234, sizeof(struct shared_use_st), 0666 | IPC_CREAT)

if (shmid == -1)

{

fprintf(stderr, "shmget failed/n")

exit(EXIT_FAILURE)

}

/*将共享内存连接到一个进程的地址空间中*/

shared_memory = shmat(shmid, (void *)0, 0)//指向共享内存第一个字节的指针

if (shared_memory == (void *)-1)

{

fprintf(stderr, "shmat failed/n")

exit(EXIT_FAILURE)

}

printf("Memory attached at %X/n", (int)shared_memory)

shared_stuff = (struct shared_use_st *)shared_memory

/*生产者写入数据*/

while(running)

{

while(shared_stuff->written_by_you == 1)

{

sleep(1)

printf("waiting for client.../n")

}

printf("Enter some text: ")

fgets(buffer, BUFSIZ, stdin)

strncpy(shared_stuff->some_text, buffer, TEXT_SZ)

shared_stuff->written_by_you = 1

if (strncmp(buffer, "end", 3) == 0)

{

running = 0

}

}

/*该函数用来将共享内存从当前进程中分离,仅使得当前进程不再能使用该共享内存*/

if (shmdt(shared_memory) == -1)

{

fprintf(stderr, "shmdt failed/n")

exit(EXIT_FAILURE)

}

printf("producer exit./n")

exit(EXIT_SUCCESS)

}

customer.c

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include types.h>

#include ipc.h>

#include shm.h>

#include "share.h"

int main()

{

int running = 1//程序运行标志位

void *shared_memory = (void *)0

struct shared_use_st *shared_stuff

int shmid//共享内存标识符

srand((unsigned int)getpid())

/*创建共享内存*/

shmid = shmget((key_t)1234, sizeof(struct shared_use_st), 0666 | IPC_CREAT)

if (shmid == -1)

{

fprintf(stderr, "shmget failed/n")

exit(EXIT_FAILURE)

}

/*将共享内存连接到一个进程的地址空间中*/

shared_memory = shmat(shmid, (void *)0, 0)//指向共享内存第一个字节的指针

if (shared_memory == (void *)-1)

{

fprintf(stderr, "shmat failed/n")

exit(EXIT_FAILURE)

}

printf("Memory attached at %X/n", (int)shared_memory)

shared_stuff = (struct shared_use_st *)shared_memory

shared_stuff->written_by_you = 0

/*消费者读取数据*/

while(running)

{

if (shared_stuff->written_by_you)

{

printf("You wrote: %s", shared_stuff->some_text)

sleep( rand() % 4 )

shared_stuff->written_by_you = 0

if (strncmp(shared_stuff->some_text, "end", 3) == 0)

{

running = 0

}

}

}

/*该函数用来将共享内存从当前进程中分离,仅使得当前进程不再能使用该共享内存*/

if (shmdt(shared_memory) == -1)

{

fprintf(stderr, "shmdt failed/n")

exit(EXIT_FAILURE)

}

/*将共享内存删除,所有进程均不能再访问该共享内存*/

if (shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, 0) == -1)

{

fprintf(stderr, "shmctl(IPC_RMID) failed/n")

exit(EXIT_FAILURE)

}

exit(EXIT_SUCCESS)

}

摘自:


欢迎分享,转载请注明来源:夏雨云

原文地址:https://www.xiayuyun.com/zonghe/162548.html

(0)
打赏 微信扫一扫微信扫一扫 支付宝扫一扫支付宝扫一扫
上一篇 2023-03-24
下一篇2023-03-24

发表评论

登录后才能评论

评论列表(0条)

    保存