如何建立dhcp服务器

1、首先打开ensp，点击新建拓扑，在新建的拓扑中添加路由器、电脑、服务器和交换机等设备，将其用网线连接，并点击上方开启设备选项启动所有设备。

2、其次配置路由器IP地址，配置服务器ip和类型，建立DHCP地址池。

3、最后打开pc1机配置DHCP，检查试验结果即可。

dhcp是动态主机配置协议，使用udp协议，主要使用udp67和udp 68号端口

1.client端会发送dhcp discover广播包

2.dhcp服务器会回应dhcp offer广播包

3.client端会发送dhcp request广播包

4.dhcp服务器发送dhcp ack广播包

[root@mini ~]# rpm -qa dhcp

[root@mini ~]# cat /etc/centos-release

CentOS release 6.9 (Final)

[root@mini ~]# uname -r

2.6.32-696.el6.i686

[root@mini ~]# uname -m

i686

[root@mini ~]# yum install -y dhcp

[root@mini ~]# rpm -qa dhcp

dhcp-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.1.i686

[root@mini ~]# rpm -qc dhcp

/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

/etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf

/etc/openldap/schema/dhcp.schema

/etc/portreserve/dhcpd

/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd

/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd6

/etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay

/etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay6

/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases

/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd6.leases

[root@mini ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

#

# DHCP Server Configuration file.

#  see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample

#  see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf'

#

查询dhcp sample文件(dhcpd.conf.sample文件为dhcp配置文件模板)

# rpm -ql dhcp

配置完成后的文件

[root@mini ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

#

# DHCP Server Configuration file.

#  see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample

#  see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf'

#

# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.

subnet 172.16.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

range 172.16.1.10 172.16.1.30

option domain-name-servers mini.localdomain

option domain-name "mini.localdomain"

option routers 172.16.1.1

option broadcast-address 172.16.1.1

default-lease-time 600

max-lease-time 7200

}

查看配置是否正确

[root@mini ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcpd configtest

Syntax: OK

DHCP启动失败，并查询到如下报错信息(/var/log/messages)

Nov  6 06:37:24 mini dhcpd: No subnet declaration for eth0 (192.168.28.139).

Nov  6 06:37:24 mini dhcpd: ** Ignoring requests on eth0.  If this is not what

Nov  6 06:37:24 mini dhcpd:    you want, please write a subnet declaration

Nov  6 06:37:24 mini dhcpd:    in your dhcpd.conf file for the network segment

Nov  6 06:37:24 mini dhcpd:    to which interface eth0 is attached. **

Nov  6 06:37:24 mini dhcpd:

Nov  6 06:37:24 mini dhcpd:

Nov  6 06:37:24 mini dhcpd: Not configured to listen on any interfaces!

Nov  6 06:37:24 mini dhcpd:

Nov  6 06:37:24 mini dhcpd: This version of ISC DHCP is based on the release available

Nov  6 06:37:24 mini dhcpd: on ftp.isc.org.  Features have been added and other changes

Nov  6 06:37:24 mini dhcpd: have been made to the base software release in order to make

Nov  6 06:37:24 mini dhcpd: it work better with this distribution.

Nov  6 06:37:24 mini dhcpd:

Nov  6 06:37:24 mini dhcpd: Please report for this software via the CentOS Bugs Database:

Nov  6 06:37:24 mini dhcpd:    http://bugs.centos.org/

Nov  6 06:37:24 mini dhcpd:

Nov  6 06:37:24 mini dhcpd: exiting.

解决办法:

这是因为DHCP程序发现没有“Not configured to listen on any interfaces”，只需要配置相应的IP到目标网卡中便可以解决这个问题。

[root@mini ~]# ifconfig eth1 172.16.1.1/24

[root@mini ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcpd start

Nov  6 06:43:11 mini dhcpd: Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Server 4.1.1-P1

Nov  6 06:43:11 mini dhcpd: Copyright 2004-2010 Internet Systems Consortium.

Nov  6 06:43:11 mini dhcpd: All rights reserved.

Nov  6 06:43:11 mini dhcpd: For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/

Nov  6 06:43:11 mini dhcpd: Not searching LDAP since ldap-server, ldap-port and ldap-base-dn were not specified in the config file

Nov  6 06:43:11 mini dhcpd: Wrote 0 leases to leases file.

Nov  6 06:43:11 mini dhcpd: Listening on LPF/eth1/00:0c:29:c5:2b:7e/172.16.1.0/24

Nov  6 06:43:11 mini dhcpd: Sending on  LPF/eth1/00:0c:29:c5:2b:7e/172.16.1.0/24

Nov  6 06:43:11 mini dhcpd:

Nov  6 06:43:11 mini dhcpd: No subnet declaration for eth0 (192.168.28.139).

Nov  6 06:43:11 mini dhcpd: ** Ignoring requests on eth0.  If this is not what

Nov  6 06:43:11 mini dhcpd:    you want, please write a subnet declaration

Nov  6 06:43:11 mini dhcpd:    in your dhcpd.conf file for the network segment

Nov  6 06:43:11 mini dhcpd:    to which interface eth0 is attached. **

Nov  6 06:43:11 mini dhcpd:

Nov  6 06:43:11 mini dhcpd: Sending on  Socket/fallback/fallback-net

[root@mini ~]# cat /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases

注意：如果Linux开启了防火墙，那么需要对UDP 67和UDP 68放行。或者直接将放火墙关闭

问题1

是要在路由上启用DHCP

并且你的PC都要改成自动获取

问题2

2003做DHCP也是很好的

就像你说得

其中一台启用DHCP服务

配置好DHCP地址池

其他PC自动获取

这样路由就不用启DHCP了

首先搞清楚

DHCP仅仅是方便管理员手动配置IP

但现实中并不提倡

用DHCP不管是对于对网络的管理还是扩展都有很多麻烦

试想如果一台机子出问题

导致整个网络瘫痪

这台机子每次重启都会变

你就想死了

路由仅仅做NAT

提供上网就可以了

流量那么大

不死给你看已经不错了

在上面在加些不必要的服务

没必要

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