MAC OS X 10.10.1系统oracle 10g 启动失败报关于信号量的错误

1、对服务器硬件进行评估

2、安装oracle软件

3、规划数据库：逻辑结构、数据库设计、备份策略、等

4、创建和打开数据库

5、备份、恢复数据库

6、创建数据库用户

7、执行数据库设计

8、备份正常工作的数据库

9、调优数据库性能

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

修改类似下面的内容：

（下面的内容为11g要求，不同版本参数可能不同，http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/install.111/b32285/toc.htm#CEGFBCFD）

fs.file-max = 65536

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

使用下面的命令使得内核改变立即生效：

/sbin/sysctl -p

验证下配置是否有效，可用/sbin/sysctl -a查看。

然后可以继续你的工作了

切换：

1.停止Redo Apply

如果备库正处于RedoApply过程，需要先取消。

sys@ora11gdg>alter database recover managed standby database cancel

Database altered.

2.查看当前备库状态确保备库处于MOUNTED状态

sys@ora11gdg>select database_role,open_mode from v$database

DATABASE_ROLEOPEN_MODE

---------------- --------------------

PHYSICAL STANDBY MOUNTED

此时备库是物理备库角色，运行模式是MOUNTED。

3.确保闪回恢复区已指定

友情提示：实现SnapshotStandby数据库功能并不需要开启主库和备库的闪回数据库（Flashback Database）功能，与是否开启闪回数据库无关。

sys@ora11gdg>show parameter db_recovery_file_dest

NAME TYPE VALUE

--------------------------- ------------ ------------------------------------

db_recovery_file_dest string /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area

db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 3852M

确认主库闪回功能并未开启

sys@ora11g>select FLASHBACK_ON from v$database

FLASHBACK_ON

------------------

NO

确认备库闪回功能并未开启

sys@ora11gdg>select FLASHBACK_ON from v$database

FLASHBACK_ON

------------------

NO

4.调整备库到SnapshotStandby数据库状态

只需要执行一条非常简单的SQL命令便可以将备库调整到Snapshot Standby数据库。

sys@ora11gdg>alter database convert to snapshot standby

Database altered.

sys@ora11gdg>select database_role,open_mode from v$database

DATABASE_ROLEOPEN_MODE

---------------- --------------------

SNAPSHOT STANDBY MOUNTED

5.将备库置于对外可读写状态

sys@ora11gdg>alter database open

Database altered.

sys@ora11gdg>select database_role,open_mode from v$database

DATABASE_ROLEOPEN_MODE

---------------- --------------------

SNAPSHOT STANDBY READ WRITE

一套全新的可读写数据库展现在我们面前。

6.分析切换过程中的日志信息

ora11g主库alert日志：

Mon Mar 19 18:46:28 2012

LNS: Attempting destination LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 network reconnect (3135)

LNS: Destination LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 network reconnect abandoned

Errors in file/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ora11g/ora11g/trace/ora11g_nsa2_27302.trc:

ORA-03135: connection lost contact

Error 3135 for archive log file 2 to 'ora11gdg'

Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ora11g/ora11g/trace/ora11g_nsa2_27302.trc:

ORA-03135: connection lost contact

LNS: Failed to archive log 2 thread 1 sequence 50 (3135)

Errors in file/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ora11g/ora11g/trace/ora11g_nsa2_27302.trc:

ORA-03135: connection lost contact

ora11gdg备库alert日志：

Mon Mar 19 18:46:26 2012

alter database convert to snapshot standby

Starting background process RVWR

Mon Mar 19 18:46:26 2012

RVWR started with pid=26, OS id=8824

Allocated 3981204 bytes in shared pool for flashback generation buffer

Created guaranteed restore point SNAPSHOT_STANDBY_REQUIRED_03/19/201218:46:26

krsv_proc_kill: Killing 3 processes (all RFS)

Begin: Standby Redo Logfile archival

End: Standby Redo Logfile archival

RESETLOGS after complete recovery through change 1472476

Resetting resetlogs activation ID 4174194338 (0xf8cd26a2)

Online log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11gdg/redo01.log: Thread 1 Group 1 waspreviously cleared

Online log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11gdg/redo02.log: Thread 1 Group 2 waspreviously cleared

Online log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11gdg/redo03.log: Thread 1 Group 3 waspreviously cleared

Standby became primary SCN: 1472474

Mon Mar 19 18:46:29 2012

Setting recovery target incarnation to 5

CONVERT TO SNAPSHOT STANDBY: Complete - Database mounted as snapshot standby

Completed: alter database convert to snapshot standby

关键的一行提示信息“Created guaranteed restore point SNAPSHOT_STANDBY_REQUIRED_03/19/201218:46:26”，这里给出了我们转换成snapshot的时刻，便于后面的回切。

7.测试备库处于SnapshotStandby数据库对主库日志的接收

当主库切换日志时，备库依然可以接收到日志，只是并不应用

1）主库切换日志

sys@ora11g>alter system switch logfile

System altered.

2）主库记录的alert日志内容

ora11g主库alert日志：

Mon Mar 19 18:52:00 2012

Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 52

Private strand flush not complete

Current log# 3 seq# 51 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/redo03.log

Mon Mar 19 18:52:00 2012

ARC3: Standby redo logfile selected for thread 1 sequence 50 for destinationLOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2

Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 52 (LGWR switch)

Current log# 1 seq# 52 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/redo01.log

Mon Mar 19 18:52:03 2012

Archived Log entry 91 added for thread 1 sequence 51 ID 0xf8cd26a2 dest 1:

Mon Mar 19 18:52:03 2012

LNS: Standby redo logfile selected for thread 1 sequence 51 for destinationLOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2

LNS: Standby redo logfile selected for thread 1 sequence 52 for destinationLOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2

ora11gdg备库alert日志：

Mon Mar 19 18:52:00 2012

RFS[5]: Assigned to RFS process 9174

RFS[5]: Identified database type as 'snapshot standby': Client is ARCH pid27296

Mon Mar 19 18:52:00 2012

RFS[6]: Assigned to RFS process 9176

RFS[6]: Identified database type as 'snapshot standby': Client is ARCH pid27300

RFS[6]: Selected log 4 for thread 1 sequence 50 dbid -120744030 branch778023141

Mon Mar 19 18:52:00 2012

Archived Log entry 47 added for thread 1 sequence 50 ID 0xf8cd26a2 dest 1:

Mon Mar 19 18:52:03 2012

RFS[7]: Assigned to RFS process 9180

RFS[7]: Identified database type as 'snapshot standby': Client is LGWR ASYNCpid 27302

RFS[7]: Selected log 4 for thread 1 sequence 51 dbid -120744030 branch778023141

Mon Mar 19 18:52:04 2012

Archived Log entry 48 added for thread 1 sequence 51 ID 0xf8cd26a2 dest 1:

RFS[7]: Selected log 4 for thread 1 sequence 52 dbid -120744030 branch778023141

3）查看主库和备库归档目录下的日志文件内容

（1）主库归档日志文件

ora11g@secdb /home/oracle/arch/ora11g$ ls -ltr

total 879M

……省略其他……

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.1M Mar 19 18:51 1_50_778023141.arc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 363K Mar 19 18:52 1_51_778023141.arc

（2）备库归档日志文件

ora11g@secdb /home/oracle/arch/ora11gdg$ ls -ltr

total 847M

……省略其他……

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.1M Mar 19 18:52 1_50_778023141.arc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 363K Mar 19 18:52 1_51_778023141.arc

可见，备库已经接受到主库发过来的日志。

8.在SnapshotStandby数据创建用户和表并初始化数据

sys@ora11gdg>create user ocmu identified by ocmu

User created.

secooler@ora11gdg>grant dba to ocmu

Grant succeeded.

secooler@ora11gdg>conn ocmu/ocmu

Connected.

ocmu@ora11gdg>create table t (x varchar2(8))

Table created.

ocmu@ora11gdg>insert into t values ('Secooler')

1 row created.

ocmu@ora11gdg>commit

Commit complete.

ocmu@ora11gdg>select * from t

X

--------

Secooler

---