怎样用ubuntu14.04ftp架设文件共享服务器

FTP服务器的搭建，我要实现的需求是：

不允许匿名访问，因为我的机器不想让谁都能登录上来，随便获取文件，

需要锁定一个目录，因为在家里，我需要给媳妇下载一些电影 韩剧之类的东西，媳妇会来我机器下载，但是我不想让他随意操作我的东西。

万一删除我的配置文件，我就惨了（吐槽一下韩剧：媳妇问我，你都没看过韩剧怎么知道它不好看呢，我说：我没吃过屎 但是知道它一定不好吃！）

另外，需要本机也能访问，因为我要做一些关于FTP的测试。

　 不单独建立FTP用户，FTP也使用ubuntu桌面的用户进行登录和操作，

我还不希望FTP开始启动。

好了 我们开始安装，很简单。

sudo apt-get install vsftpd

30秒内估计就能安装完。

下面开始配置：

首先备份配置文件。

linuxidc@ubuntu:/etc/init$ cd /etc/

linuxidc@ubuntu:/etc$ sudo cp vsftpd.conf vsftpd.conf.old

接下来就是开始配置了，

咱们就针对需求来：

1. 不允许匿名访问，因为我的机器不想让谁都能登录上来，随便获取文件，

配置如下：

23 anonymous_enable=NO

2.需要锁定一个目录，因为在家里，我需要给媳妇下载一些电影 韩剧之类的东西，

　媳妇会来我机器下载，但是我不想让他随意操作我的东西。

　万一删除我的配置文件，我就惨了

配置如下：

152 local_root=/home/linuxidc/公共的/FTP共享文件

备注：[FTP共享文件] 这个文件夹是我新建出来的

另外，需要本机也能访问，因为我要做一些关于FTP的测试。

配置如下：

26 local_enable=YES

　 不单独建立FTP用户，FTP也使用ubuntu桌面的用户进行登录和操作，

配置如下：

120 #chroot_local_user=YES

121 chroot_list_enable=YES

122 # (default follows)

123 chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

这里需要/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list 这个文件，如果没有请新建：

sudo gedit /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

内容如下（例如我桌面的用户名为linuxidc）：

duoduo

其实就是把你的用户名写进去

我还不希望FTP开始启动。 一会单独说！

贴出我的配置文件。

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf

#

# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file

# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.

# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.

#

# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.

# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's

# capabilities.

#

#

# Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone

# daemon started from an initscript.

listen=YES

#

# Run standalone with IPv6?

# Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket

# instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually

# exclusive.

#listen_ipv6=YES

#

# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default)

anonymous_enable=NO

#

# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.

local_enable=YES

#

# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.

write_enable=YES

#

# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,

# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)

#local_umask=022

#

# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only

# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will

# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.

#anon_upload_enable=YES

#

# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create

# new directories.

#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

#

# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they

# go into a certain directory.

dirmessage_enable=YES

#

# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time

# in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The

# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this

# option.

use_localtime=YES

#

# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.

xferlog_enable=YES

#

# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).

connect_from_port_20=YES

#

# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by

# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not

# recommended!

#chown_uploads=YES

#chown_username=whoever

#

# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown

# below.

#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log

#

# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.

# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.

#xferlog_std_format=YES

#

# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.

#idle_session_timeout=600

#

# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.

#data_connection_timeout=120

#

# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the

# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.

#nopriv_user=ftpsecure

#

# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not

# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,

# however, may confuse older FTP clients.

#async_abor_enable=YES

#

# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore

# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII

# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.

# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service

# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd

# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the

# raw file.

# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.

#ascii_upload_enable=YES

#ascii_download_enable=YES

#

# You may fully customise the login banner string:

ftpd_banner=Welcome to linuxidc's FTP service.

#

# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently

# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.

#deny_email_enable=YES

# (default follows)

#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails

#

# You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for

# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or

# chroot_list_enable below.

#chroot_local_user=YES

#

# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home

# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of

# users to NOT chroot().

# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that

# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the

# chroot)

#chroot_local_user=YES

chroot_list_enable=YES

# (default follows)

chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

#

# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by

# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large

# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume

# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.

#ls_recurse_enable=YES

#

# Customization

#

# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by

# default.

#

# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the

# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used

# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem

# access.

secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty

#

# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.

pam_service_name=vsftpd

#

# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL

# encrypted connections.

rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem

# This option specifies the location of the RSA key to use for SSL

# encrypted connections.

rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key

#

local_root=/home/linuxidc/公共的/FTP共享文件

现在可以重启FTP了。

linuxidc@ubuntu:/etc$ sudo service vsftpd restart

vsftpd stop/waiting

vsftpd start/running, process 303

OK 看到这些 证明配置文件没有问题，FTP启动了

下面直接访问FTP 看看：

linuxidc@ubuntu:/etc$ ftp 127.0.0.1

Connected to 127.0.0.1.

Welcome to linuxidc's FTP service.

Name (127.0.0.1:linuxidc): duoduo

Please specify the password.

Password:

OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()

Login failed.

Service not available, remote server has closed connection

ftp>

居然报了一个500的错误

vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()

。其实这里是需要特殊说明的，原因出在这里

120 #chroot_local_user=YES

121 chroot_list_enable=YES

122 # (default follows)

123 chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

我们用

chroot_list_enable=YES 和 chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list配合使用，使得只有在vsftpd.chroot_list中配置的用户才能登录FTP。

对于这要的配置有一个特殊的要求，就是vsftpd.chroot_list里面配置的用户，对于前面local_root配置的目录不能有写的权限！

也就是/home/linuxidc/公共的/FTP共享文件 这个文件夹 对于linuxidc这个用户不能有写的权限，

我们为了额操作方便可以这么做：

sudo chown -R root:root /home/linuxidc/公共的/FTP共享文件/

这样，linuxidc这个用户对于/home/linuxidc/公共的/FTP共享文件没有写权限了，

现在重启FTP 重新登录看看：

linuxidc@ubuntu:/etc$ ftp 127.0.0.1

Connected to 127.0.0.1.

Welcome to linuxidc's FTP service.

Name (127.0.0.1:linuxidc): duoduo

Please specify the password.

Password:

Login successful.

Remote system type is UNIX.

Using binary mode to transfer files.

ftp>

OK FTP 好了 可以登录了

但是我刚才 sudo chown -R root:root /home/linuxidc/公共的/FTP共享文件/ 这个操作

还带来了一个麻烦。就是FTP共享文件在我桌面登录时，不能任意复制粘贴操作文件了，但是我还要必须保持linuxidc用户对[FTP共享文件]

这个文件夹不可写。这该怎么办呢？

其实很简单，

cd /home/linuxidc/公共的/FTP共享文件

sudo mkdir FTPFILES

sudo chown -R linuxidc:duoduo FTPFILES

这样 就保持了 FTP共享文件 文件夹linuxidc用户不可写，但duoduo用户用可以在桌面登录时任意操作文件了，只不过此时的随意范围在FTPFILES文件夹范围呢了。

这样基本FTP服务基本搭建完成了。

对了 忘记了一点。就是不让FTP服务开机启动。操作如下：

linuxidc@ubuntu:/etc/init$ cd /etc/init/

linuxidc@ubuntu:/etc/init$ sudo cp vsftpd.conf vsftpd.conf.old

编辑配置文件

sudo gedit /etc/init/vsftpd.conf

将#start on runlevel [2345] or net-device-up IFACE!=lo 修改为start on runlevel [345] 如下：

#start on runlevel [2345] or net-device-up IFACE!=lo

start on runlevel [345]

stop on runlevel [!2345]

这次重启FTP 重启系统 彻底完成。

看了问题感觉你们公司需要的是一个安全高效的文件共享软件，那还不如直接用企业网盘。更何况FTP服务器也没有你想的那么安全，既没有风控体系，也没有权限的管控，你上传的资料全公司都能看到。像贵公司这种情况，应该也会比较提防内部泄密吧。企业网盘就不一样了，公司里每个人都会有一个专属账号，管理者还可以设置每个人的权限，不用担心文件的安全问题。像我们公司目前在用的亿方云企业网盘，一共有7级权限，都可以由管理员自行设置。你的权限不够根本就看不到一些内容，从源头上就防止了文件的内部泄密。

另外FTP操作时也比较麻烦，需要具备专门的ftp工具不说，想看到同时共享给你的文件还要先下载下来，想在线预览看下内容吧，你电脑里还得有那个查看软件才行。像我们这种长期出差的，又不可能随时随地带着电脑吧。这种情况下企业网盘的优势就体现出来了。前几天公司临时接了一个项目需要我出一份策划书，我当时正好在外地出差，沟通上有多困难可想而知。幸好我们公司用的亿方云，我只需要在线写好策划案@一下领导，文件就可以共享给领导啦，有什么修改意见领导也可以直接在评论里@我，我直接就可以进行修改，修改好的内容就能实时同步到云端。而且它还支持100+种文件格式在线预览，不用下载就可以看到文件的内容，省掉了多少空间和网费啊！！！我还可以直接一键就把文件共享到客户的微信上，要是怕文件被窃取还可以设置下载权限和链接有效日期，类似于阅后即焚的赶脚。

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