药方1
【中文名】白芥子
【拼音代码】BJZ
【别名】辣菜子、炒芥子、芥辣子
【拉丁名】药材SemenSinapisAlbae原植物Brassicaalba（L.）Boiss.
【英文名】WhiteMustardSeed
【类别】化痰止咳药
【药材基原】为双子叶植物药十字花科植物白芥的种子。
【药源分布】动植物资源分布:分布安徽、河南、山东、四川、河北、陕西、山西等地。药材主产安徽、河南、山东、四川、河北、陕西、山西等地。以安徽、河南产量为大。
药用动植物的栽培:全国各地均有栽培。1.气候土壤：以排水良好的砂质壤土为宜。2.整地：在土壤干湿度适度，表土略呈白色时，深耕耙细，至播种前翻耕耙细整平，开设排水沟。育苗移栽的并须作好苗床，以1.4-1.5m宽为宜。3.田间管理：苗高3-4cm时，即行匀苗补苗。除草三次。并结合施肥。人畜粪2000-4000斤/亩。4.种植：在寒露与霜降时，直播或移栽。5.病虫害防治：对菌核病及白锈病，除在播种时以盐水浸种预防外，初期查喷洒波尔多液，并拔除病株后，撒石灰消毒。
【采收储藏】夏末、秋初果实成熟时割取全株，晒干后，打下种子，除去杂质。
【药材鉴定】1.性状鉴定：种子呈圆球形，直径1.1-2.0-2.5mm，较黄芥子为大。表面类白色至淡黄色，光滑。在扩大镜下观察，可见细微的网纹及一暗色小点状的种脐。种皮脆薄易压碎，剥去后有薄膜状的胚乳粘着于种皮内表面。胚黄白色，油质，二子叶相叠，并于中脉处折起呈马鞍状，胚根亦折转而藏于其间。气无，味先觉油样而后微酸，继感辛辣。以个大、饱满、色白、纯净者为佳。2.显微鉴定：2.1.种子横切面：表皮为1列粘液细胞，有粘液质纹理；下皮细胞2列，大小约相等；栅状细胞为1列高度约均等的厚壁细胞，内壁及侧壁增厚，外壁菲薄；色素层细胞颓废，不含色素。内胚乳为1-2列类长方形细胞，含糊粉粒。子叶及胚根薄壁细胞含脂肪油滴及糊粉粒。2.2.粉末；深棕色。2.2.1.种子皮栅状细胞淡黄色。断面观细胞1列，高度较均等，径向14-26μm，切向7-17μm，外壁及侧壁中部以上薄，侧壁下部及内壁增厚；表面观类多角形或稍延长，垂周壁平直或细波状弯曲，厚2-3μm。2.2.2.种皮表皮细胞断面观类方形或稍径向延长，遇水膨胀粘液质化，内切面壁由纤维素沉积形成径向棒状的纤维素柱隐约可见；表面观多角形或类多角形，脐状纤维素柱周围可见粘液质纹理。2.2.3.种皮下皮细胞多皱缩，细胞界限不甚清楚。2.2.4.内胚乳细胞含糊粉粒、油滴及灰色颗粒物；子叶细胞含糊粉粒及脂肪油滴。本品以粒大、饱满、色黄白者为佳。
【炮制方法】炮制方法:炒白芥子：原药簸尽杂质，炒至深黄色，微有香气即得。
【化学成分】中药化学成分:白芥子含白芥子甙（Sinalbin）、芥子碱（Sinapine）、芥子酶（Myrosin）、脂肪、蛋白质及粘液质。白芥子甙经芥子酶水解，产生异硫氰酸对羟基苄酯（p-Hydroxybenzylisothiocynate）（白芥子油），酸性硫酸芥子碱（Sinapinebisulfate）及葡萄糖。酸性硫酸芥子碱经碱性水解可生成芥子酸和胆碱；异硫氰酸对羟基苄酯在碱性溶液中极不稳定，分解为对羟其苄醇(p-hydroxybenzylalcohol)和硫代氰酸根。尚含4-羟基苯甲酰胆碱(4-hydroxybenzoyl-choline)及4-羟基苯甲胺(4-hydroxybenzylamine)。
中药化学鉴定:见芥子项下。
【药理作用】药物作用与药理效应:1.抗菌作用：本品所含的异硫氰酸苄酯具有广谱抗菌作用，对酵母菌、20种真菌及数十种其它菌株均有抗菌作用，对革兰氏阴性或阳性细菌的有效抑菌浓度为1：10(2)-3×10(2)。白芥子水浸液在试管内对堇色毛癣菌、许兰氏黄癣菌等有不同程度的抗真菌作用。黄芥子甙水解产生甙元芥子油亦具杀菌作用。2.刺激作用：白芥子甙，本身无刺激作用，遇水后经芥子酶的作用生成挥发性油（白芥子油）。芥子油的主要成分异硫氰酸烯丙酯具刺鼻辛辣味及刺激作用。能使皮肤发红、温暖，甚至引起水泡。
毒理学:本品所含的异硫氰酸苄酯对小鼠、豚鼠、大鼠腹腔注射的LD50分别为76-107，68及72mg／kg，口服的LD50分别为134，81及128mg／kg。
【性味】辛，温，无毒。
【归经】肺，肝，脾，胃，心包经。
【功效】利气豁痰，温中散寒，通络止痛。
【主治】治痰饮咳喘，胸胁胀满疼痛，反胃呕吐，中风不语，肢体痹痛麻木，脚气，阴疽，肿毒，跌打肿痛。
【用法用量】内服：煎汤，1-3钱；或入丸、散。外用：研末调敷。
【用药忌宜】肺虚咳嗽、阴虚火旺者忌服。且多食昏目、泄气、伤精。
【不良反应】
【药物配伍】配莱菔子：利气消食、祛痰止咳；配甘遂：祛痰遂饮；配青皮：疏肝理气、通络止痛；配苏子：祛痰止咳。
【鉴别应用】1.白芥子与莱菔子、紫苏子三者均有化痰、理气、定喘的作用；但其中莱菔子是散肺气而消痰，紫苏子是降肺气而祛痰，白芥子是温肺病豁痰；三者功用各有所主，同中有异，异中有同。2.白芥子与天南星：二药均走经络而活无形之痰，然前者利气机消痰结；对于寒痰阻滞经络所致的关节不利，疼痛及发为阴疽者宜之；后者祛风涤痰；对于风痰引起的抽搐，半身不遂之证宜之。
【精典选方】
【临床运用】
【各家论述】1.《别录》：发汗，主胸膈痰冷上气，面目黄赤。又醋研敷射工毒。2.陶弘景：御恶气暴风，毒肿流四肢疼痛。3.孙思邈：治咳嗽胸胁支满，上气多唾者，每日温酒吞七粒。4.《医学入门》：利胸膈痰，止翻胃吐食，痰嗽上气，中风不语，面目色黄，安五脏，止夜多小便。又治扑损瘀血。5.《纲目》：利气豁痰，除寒暖中，散肿止痛。治喘嗽反胃，痹木脚气，筋骨腰节诸痛。6.《现代实用中药》：捣烂如泥，外用作皮肤刺激引赤药。7.《药材资料汇编》：功能暖胃，增进食欲，并可为中毒后之催吐剂。8.《东北药植志》：大量用可作麻醉剂。
【考证】出自《唐本草》。
2
【中文名】白前
【拼音代码】BQ
【别名】石蓝、嗽药、柳叶白前、水杨柳、大鹤瓢、水柳、芫花叶白前、溪瓢羹、消结草、乌梗仔、蜜白前、炒白前、鹅管白前。
【拉丁名】药材RhizomaCynanchiStauntonii原植物1、柳叶白前Cynanchumstauntoni（Decne.）Schltr.ExLevl．，2、芫花叶白前Cynanchumglaucescens（Decne.）Hand.Mazz.，
【英文名】WillowleafSwallowwortRhizome,GlaucescentSwallowwortRhizome,RhizomeofWillowleafSwallowwort,RhizomeofGlaucescentSwallowwort
【类别】化痰止咳药
【药材基原】为双子叶植物药萝藦科植物柳叶白前或芫花叶白前的根及根茎。
【药源分布】动植物资源分布:柳叶白前和芫花叶白前分布浙江、江苏、安徽、江西、湖南、湖北、广西、广东、贵州、云南、四川等地。药材主产浙江、安徽。此外，江苏、湖北、江西等地亦产。
动植物生态环境:柳叶白前生长于溪滩、江边砂碛之上或山谷中阴湿处。芫花叶白前生长环境及分布与柳叶白前同。两者常群生一起。
【采收储藏】8月挖根，或拔起全株，割去地上部分，洗净，晒干。
【药材鉴定】1.性状鉴定：1.1.柳叶白前又名：鹅管白前。为干燥的根茎及根，弯曲扭转而成团状。根茎呈管状，细长有节，略弯曲，长约4-7-15cm，直径1.5-2.5-5mm，表面浅黄色至黄棕色，有细纵皱纹，节部膨大，常有分歧，并密生须根，顶端常残留灰绿色或紫棕色的地上茎；质坚脆，易折断，断面类圆形，中空或有膜质的髓。根细长弯曲，长约1-5-10cm，多数呈毛须状，表面棕色或紫棕色，有细纵皱，并具多数小须根。质坚脆，易折断，断面类白色，扩大镜下可见中心木部。气微弱，味甜。1.2.芫花叶白前干燥的根及根茎，形状与柳叶白前相似，但根茎及地上茎节部的芽对生而显著；根较长而粗，长约5-12-20cm，直径约0.5-1mm；色亦较浅，常为灰黄色。气微弱，味微甜。以上两种，均以根茎粗、须根长、无泥土及杂质者为佳。2.显微鉴定：2.1.柳叶白前根茎横切面：表皮为1列类多角形细胞，壁棕色，外壁稍增厚。下皮细胞排列整齐。皮层约为10数列类圆形薄壁细胞，含细小淀粉粒，并有草酸钙簇晶，直径10-40μm；内皮层细胞扁小，凯氏点明显。皮层有乳汁管。较粗根茎有柱鞘纤维束环列。韧皮部窄，断续成环。形成层成环。木质部导管单个散在或两个径向并列；木纤维及木薄壁细胞均木化。内生韧皮部为多数筛管群，环列于髓周。髓大部成空格腔。中柱细小，椭圆形，中柱鞘为1列类圆形薄壁细胞；韧皮部位于木质部二原型，有10个多个导管（具缘纹孔及螺纹导管），排列成条状，导管直径6-24μm；木薄壁细胞非木化。2.2.芫花叶白前根茎皮层无乳汁管。3.商品规格：按加工不同分有白前、鹅管白前和草白前，均为统货。
【炮制方法】炮制方法:1.白前：拣去杂质，洗净泥土，稍浸泡后捞出，润透，切段，晒干。2.蜜白前：取白前片用炼蜜加水适量拌匀，文火炒至蜜汁全部吸干，呈老黄色不粘手为度，取出放凉。（每白前片100斤，用炼蜜25斤）3.《雷公炮炙论》：凡使白前，先用生甘草水浸一伏时后漉出，去头须了，焙干，任入药中用。
【化学成分】中药化学成分:芫花叶白前含三萜皂甙。芫花叶白前含多种C21变形甾甙类，包括由芫花叶白前甙元A（glaucogeninA）形成的芫花叶白前甙（glaucoside）A,B,C,D,F,H,I和J，及由芫花叶白前甙元C（glaucogeninC）形成的芫花叶白前甙（glaucoside）E和G。
中药化学鉴定:取本品粗粉1g,加70%乙醇10ml，加热回流1小时,滤过。取滤液1ml，置蒸发皿内蒸干，残渣加醋酐1ml，使溶解，再加浓硫酸1滴，柳叶白前显红紫色，放置后变为污绿色；芫花叶白前显棕红色，放置后不变色。
【药理作用】药物作用与药理效应:皂甙有祛痰作用。
【性味】辛甘，微温，无毒。
【归经】肺，肝经。
【功效】泻肺降气，下痰止嗽。
【主治】肺实喘满，咳嗽，多痰，胃脘疼痛。
【用法用量】内服：煎汤，1.5-3钱。
【用药忌宜】《本草经疏》：凡咳逆上气，咳嗽气逆，由于气虚气不归元，而不由于肺气因邪客壅实者，禁用。
【不良反应】
【药物配伍】1.忌猪肉、菘菜、饴糖。2.配紫菀：止咳平喘、化痰利隔；配桔梗：宣肺下气，化痰止咳；配前胡：降气散风，止咳化痰之效；配百部：祛痰止咳。
【鉴别应用】1.白前与白芥子二者均能温化寒痰，但白芥子燥，长于行气，主顽痰伏膈，胸胁痞满；而白前温而不燥，长于降气，主痰贮于肺，气逆咳嗽。2.白前与桔梗：二药有较好的消痰作用，白前以降气为主，适于肺病气壅实之胸膈逆满喘急，喉间痰鸣之证；桔梗以开宣肺气为主，适于肺病气郁闭之咳嗽鼻塞，胸满咽痛之证。
【精典选方】地骨皮汤《圣济总录》；白前汤《千金方》；前胡汤《圣济总录》；防已汤《圣济总录》；款肺病汤《圣济总录》；贝母煎《圣济总录》
【临床运用】
【各家论述】1.《本草衍义》：白前，保定肺气，治嗽多用。以温药相佐使，则尤佳。2.《纲目》：白前，长于降气，肺气壅实而有痰者宜之。若虚而长哽气者不可用。张仲景治嗽而脉沉者，泽漆汤中亦用之。3.《本草经疏》：白前，肺家之要药。甘能缓，辛能散，温能下，以其长于下气，故主胸胁逆气，咳嗽上气。二病皆气升、气逆，痰随气壅所致，气降则痰自降，能降气则病本立拔矣。白前性温，走散下气，性无补益。深师方中所主久咳上气，体肿短气，胀满，当是有停饮、水湿、湿痰之病，乃可用之，病不由于此者，不得轻施。4.《本经逢原》：白前，较白薇稍温，较细辛稍平。专搜肺窍中风水，非若白薇之咸寒，专泄肺、胃之燥热，亦不似细辛之辛窜，能治肾、肝之沉寒也。5.《本草正义》：白前，专主肺家，为治咳嗽降气之要药。《别录》谓其微温，以其主治寒嗽，则能疏散寒邪，其性质必含温养之气也。然白前治嗽，亦不专于寒嗽一面，即痰火气壅，上逆咳嗽，亦能定之，则又有似乎寒降，是以苏恭竟作微寒。然其所以能止嗽者，则在于平逆顺气，使膈下之浊气不上凌而犯肺金，斯肺气得顺其清肃之性，而咳自除，此以静肃为用，必不可遽谓其温。且古今主治，恒用之于火气逆升之症，无不应手，自当以苏恭微寒之说为长。且寒邪寒饮之咳，辛温开肺，别有专司，固非白前之长技，特微寒顺气，非如沙参、知母之寒凉直折，亦非如桑根皮、枇杷叶之清降遏抑，故为定咳止嗽之主药，而绝无流弊。虽不见于《本经》，而《别录》主胸胁逆气，咳嗽上气，甚至称其治呼吸欲绝，可见其清肃肺家，功效卓绝。白前顺气，清肃肺金，是其全体大用，此外别无效力。而《日华子本草》且称其治奔豚肾气，殆因其能降肺逆而推广言之。然白前主治上焦，而不能下坠直降，肾气之治，失其旨矣。6.《别录》：主胸胁逆气，咳嗽上气。7.《唐本草》：主上气冲喉中，呼吸欲绝。8.《本草备要》：泻肺。9.《福建中草药》：行气消积，健脾和胃。
【考证】出自1.《别录》。2.陶弘景：白前，出近道。似细辛而大，色白易折。主气嗽方多用之。3.《唐本草》：白前，叶似柳，或似芫花，苗高尺许，生洲渚沙碛之上。根白，长于细辛，味甘。俗以酒渍服，主上气。不生近道。今用蔓生者，味苦，非真也。4.《开宝本草》：别本注云，（白前）二月、八月采根，暴干。根似牛膝、白薇。5.《本草图经》：白前，今蜀中及淮、浙州郡皆有之。
3
【中文名】百部—蔓生百部
【拼音代码】
【别名】
【拉丁名】
【英文名】
【类别】化痰止咳药
【中文名】百部—蔓生百部
【类 别】根类
【英文名】Japanese Stemona Root
【别 名】药虱药。
【来 源】为百部科植物蔓生百部Stemona japonica（Bl．）Miq.的块根。
【采 制】春、秋季采挖，除去须根，置沸水中略烫或蒸至无白心，取出，晒干。
【性味】根与直立百部类同，两端稍狭细，表面淡灰白色，多不规则皱褶及横皱纹；味较苦。性微温，味甘、苦。
【植物形态】多年生缠绕草本。茎长达100cm。叶2～4（～5）片轮生，叶柄长1.5～3cm；叶片卵形至卵状披针形，长3～9cm，宽1.5～4cm，先端渐尖。基部圆形或宽楔形，边缘带微波状，叶脉5～9条。花单生或数朵排成聚伞花序，总花梗完全贴生于叶片中脉上；花被片4，开放后向外反卷；雄蕊花药顶端有一短钻状附属物。蒴果卵状，稍扁。种子深紫褐色。花期4～5月，果期7月。
【生长地】生于阴坡灌木林下或竹林下。主产浙江。
【化学成份】含百部碱（stemonine）、次百部碱（stemonidine）、异次百部碱(isoste-monidine）、原百部碱（protostemonine）、蔓生百部碱（stemonamine）、异蔓生百部碱（isostemonamine）等。
【功能主治】同直立百部。
4
【采收储藏】取新鲜橘皮，用刀扦下外层果皮，晾干或晒干。
【药材鉴定】
【炮制方法】
【化学成分】
【药理作用】
【性味】辛苦，温。
【归经】膀胱，小肠，肺，脾，大肠，胃经。
【功效】消痰，利气，宽中，散结。
【主治】风寒痰嗽，恶心，吐水，胸痛胀闷。
【用法用量】内服：煎汤，0.8-1.5钱；或入丸、散。
5
【中文名】胖大海
【拼音代码】PDH
【别名】安南子、大洞果、胡大海、大发、通大海、大海子。
【拉丁名】药材SemenScaphiiLychnophori原植物SterculiascaphigeraWall.
【英文名】Boat-fruitedScaphiumSeed,SeedofBoat-fruitedSterculia
【类别】化痰止咳药
【药材基原】为梧桐科植物胖大海的种子
【药源分布】动植物资源分布:分布越南、印度、马来西亚、泰国、印度尼西亚的苏门答腊等地。药材主产于越南、泰国、印度尼西亚、马来西亚等地。
动植物生态环境:生于热带地区。
【采收储藏】4-6月，由开裂的果实上采取成熟的种子，晒干。
【药材鉴定】
【炮制方法】
【化学成分】
【药理作用】
【性味】甘淡，凉。
【归经】
【功效】清热，润肺，利咽，解毒。
【主治】干咳无痰，喉痛，音哑，骨蒸内热，吐衄下血，目赤，牙痛，痔疮漏管。
【用法用量】内服：煎汤，1.5-3钱；或泡茶。
【用药忌宜】
【不良反应】
【药物配伍】
【鉴别应用】
【精典选方】
【临床运用】
【各家论述】
【考证】
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SABINO: Italian form of Roman Sabinus, meaning "Sabine."
SABINUS: Roman name meaning "Sabine."
SACHA: French form of Russian unisex Sasha, meaning "defender of
mankind."
SACHAIRI: Scottish form of Zechariah, meaning "God has remembered."
SACHEVERELL: Norman surname transferred to forename use, itself
originally a baronial name from a place called Saute-Chevreuil,
meaning "roe-buck leap."
SADDAM: Arabic name meaning "one who confronts."
SAGE: English unisex name which can mean either "sage (the spice)"
or "man/woman of profound wisdom."
SAGI: Hebrew name meaning "elevated, lofty."
SAHAK: Armenian form of Isaac, meaning "he will laugh."
SAKARI: Finnish form of Zechariah, meaning "God has remembered."
SAL: Nickname for Spanish Salvador, meaning "savior."
SALADIN: English form of Arabic Salah-al-Din, meaning "righteous
faith."
SALAH-AL-DIN: "Righteous faith." Arabic name composed of the elements
salah "righteous" and din "faith."
SALAL: English unisex name derived from the name of the Salal berry
plant used in making jams and jellies.
SALAMON: Hungarian form of Solomon, meaning "man of peace."
SALATHIEL: Form of Shealtiel, meaning "borrowed from God."
SALOMAO (Salomão): Portuguese form of Solomon, meaning "man of
peace."
SALOMÓN: Spanish form of Solomon, meaning "man of peace."
SALOMON: French form of Solomon, meaning "man of peace."
SALVADOR: Spanish name derived from Latin Salvator, meaning "savior."
SALVATOR: Late Latin name meaning "savior."
SALVATORE: Variant of Latin Salvator, meaning "savior."
SAM: English unisex nickname for Samantha and Samuel, both
meaning "God has hearkened."
SAMMIE: Variant of English unisex Sammy, meaning "God has
hearkened."
SAMMY: English unisex pet form of Samantha and Samuel, both
meaning "God has hearkened."
SAMNANG: Cambodian Khmer unisex name meaning "lucky."
SAMPAA: Finnish form of biblical Samson, meaning "sun."
SAMPSON: Variant of biblical Samson, meaning "sun."
SAMSON: Biblical name of a powerful hero who was betrayed by his
mistress, Delila, meaning "sun."
SÁMUEL: Hungarian form of biblical Samuel, meaning "God has
hearkened."
SAMUEL: Biblical name of the son of Hannah, meaning "God has
hearkened."
SAMUELE: Italian form of biblical Samuel, meaning "God has
hearkened."
SAMUIL: Bulgarian and Russian form of biblical Samuel, meaning "God
has hearkened."
SAMULI: Finnish form of biblical Samuel, meaning "God has hearkened."
SANCHO: Spanish form of Latin Sanctius, meaning "holy."
SANCTIUS: Late Latin name, derived from the word sanctus,
meaning "holy."
SANDALIO: Spanish form of Latin Sandalius, meaning "true wolf."
SANDALIUS: Latin form of Gothic Sandulf, meaning "true wolf."
SANDER: Dutch nickname for Alexander, meaning "defender of mankind."
SANDFORD: Variant of English Sanford, meaning "sand ford."
SANDOR (Sándor): Hungarian form of Alexander, meaning "defender of
mankind."
SANDRO: Nickname for Italian Alessandro, meaning "defender of
mankind."
SANDU: Nickname for Romanian Alexandru, meaning "defender of
mankind."
SANDULF: "True wolf." Gothic name composed of the Germanic elements
sand "true" and ulf "wolf."
SANFORD: "Sand ford." English surname transferred to forename use,
itself from the name of numerous places composed of the Old English
elements sand "sand" and ford "ford."
SANSONE: Italian form of Samson, meaning "sun."
SANTERI: Nickname for Finnish Aleksanteri, meaning "defender of
mankind."
SANTIAGO: "Saint Iago." Spanish name composed of the element
santo "saint" and the name Iago.
SANTO: Italian form of Latin Sanctius, meaning "holy."
SANTOS: Spanish name meaning "saints."
SARGON: Assyrian form of Akkadian Sharru-kinu, meaning "true king."
SAROSH: Persian name meaning "prayer."
SASCHA: German form of Russian unisex Sasha, meaning "defender of
mankind."
SASHA: Russian unisex pet form of Aleksandr and Aleksandra, both
meaning "defender of mankind."
SATURN: Roman myth name of a god of agriculture, after whom a planet
in the solar system was named, from Latin Saturnus, possibly
meaning "to sow."
SATURNINO: Italian, Portuguese and Spanish form of Roman Saturninus,
possibly meaning "to sow."
SATURNINUS: Roman name derived from Latin Saturnus, possibly
meaning "to sow."
SATURNUS: Original Latin form of Saturn, possibly from Latin satus,
meaning "to sow."
SAUL: Biblical name of many characters, including the first king of
Judah, meaning "demanded."
SAULI: Finnish form of Saul, meaning "demanded."
SAVA: Bulgarian and Serbian form of Spanish Sabas, meaning "old man."
SAVAS: Turkish name meaning "war."
SAVELI: Variant of Russian Saveliy, meaning "Sabine."
SAVELIY: Russian name meaning "Sabine."
SAVELY: Variant of Russian Saveliy, meaning "Sabine."
SAVERIO: Italian form of English Xavier, meaning "a new house."
SAVINO: Italian form of Roman Sabinus, meaning "Sabine."
SAVIO: Italian name meaning "clever."
SAVITAR: Hindi myth name of a sun god, meaning "sunray."
SAVITR: Variant of Hindi Savitar, meaning "sunray."
SAVVA: Russian form of Sabas, meaning "old man."
SAWNEY: Scottish masculine form of English unisex Sandy,
meaning "defender of mankind."
SAWYER: English occupational surname transferred to forename use,
itself from Middle English saghier, meaning "to saw."
SAWYL: Welsh form of Samuel, meaning "God has hearkened."
SAXON: Medieval surname transferred to forename use, itself
originally an ethnic name for someone "from Saxony." The Saxons were
a Germanic tribe who got their name from the word seax, a kind
of "single-edged knife."
SCAEVOLA: Roman name derived from the Latin word scaevus,
meaning "left-handed."
SCEVOLA: Italian form of Roman Scaevola, meaning "left-handed."
SCHUYLER: Dutch surname transferred to English unisex forename use,
meaning "protection, shelter."
SCOT: Variant of English Scott, meaning "Scotsman."
SCOTT: Old English surname transferred to forename use, itself
originally a byname for a "Scotsman."
SCOTTY: Variant of English Scottie, meaning "Scotsman."
SE (Sé): Abbreviated from of Irish Séaghdha, possibly meaning "hawk-
like."
SEACHLAINN: Variant of Irish Seachnall, meaning "second."
SEACHNALL: Irish form of Roman Secundinus, meaning "second."
SEAFRA (Séafra): Irish form of Geoffrey, probably meaning "God's
peace."
SEAGHDH: Scottish/Gaelic name, possibly meaning "hawk-like."
SEAGHDHA (Séaghdha): Irish form of Scottish Seaghdh, possibly
meaning "hawk-like."
SEAMAS (Séamas): Variant of Irish Seamus, meaning "supplanter."
SEAMOUR: Variant of English Seymour, meaning "St. Maurus."
SEAMUS (Séamus): Irish form of English James, meaning "supplanter."
SEÁN: Irish form of John, meaning "God is gracious."
SEAN: English form of Irish Seán, meaning "God is gracious."
SEANAN (Seanán): "Little wise one." Irish name composed of the
element sean "old, wise" and a diminutive suffix.
SEARLAS (Séarlas): Irish form of Charles, meaning "man."
SEASNAN (Seasnán): Variant of Gaelic Seastnan, meaning "bodyguard."
SEASTNAN (Seastnán): Old Gaelic name meaning "bodyguard," derived
from the word seasuighim, meaning "to defendto resist."
SEBASTIAAN: Dutch form of Roman Sebastianus, meaning "from Sebaste."
SEBASTIÁN: Spanish form of Roman Sebastianus, meaning "from Sebaste."
SEBASTIAN: English name derived from Roman Sebastianus, meaning "from
Sebaste," a town in Asia Minor.
SEBASTIANO: Italian form of Roman Sebastianus, meaning "from
Sebaste," a town in Asia Minor.
SEBASTIANUS: Roman name meaning "from Sebaste," a town in Asia
Minor.
SEBASTIEN (Sébastien): French form of Roman Sebastianus,
meaning "from Sebaste," a town in Asia Minor.
SEBASTIJAN: Slovene form of Roman Sebastianus, meaning "from
Sebaste," a town in Asia Minor.
SEBASTJAN: Variant form of Slovene Sebastijan, meaning "from
Sebaste," a town in Asia Minor.
SEBASTYEN (Sebestyén): Hungarian form of Slovene Sebastijan,
meaning "from Sebaste," a town in Asia Minor.
SEBOUH: Armenian name meaning "noble."
SECHNALL: Irish form of Secundinus, meaning "second."
SECUNDINUS: Roman family name derived from Secundus,
meaning "second."
SECUNDUS: Roman Latin name meaning "second."
SEFF: Variant of Yiddish Zeff, meaning "wolf."
SEFTON: "Rush settlement." English surname transferred to forename
use, itself from a place name composed of Old Norse sef "rush" and
Old English run "enclosure, settlement."
SEFU: Egyptian name meaning "sword."
SEISSYLT: Welsh name derived from Latin Sextilius, meaning "sixth."
SEKEL: Yiddish pet form of Isaac, meaning "he will laugh."
SELA: Hebrew unisex name meaning "cliffrock." This is the biblical
name of the capital city of Edom in the Old Testament.
SELBY: "Willow settlement." English surname transferred to unisex
forename use, itself from a place name composed of the Old Norse
elements selja "willow" and býr "farm, settlement."
SELEUKOS: Greek name of one of Alexander the Great's generals. The
meaning of the name is unknown, however his other name, Nicator,
means "the conqueror."
SELEUCUS: Latin form of Greek Seleukos. Meaning unknown.
SELIG: Yiddish name meaning "happy."
SELIM: Turkish form of Arabic Salim, meaning "safe."
SELWYN: "Manor-friend." Anglo-Saxon name composed of the Old English
elements sele "manor" and wine "friend."
SEM: Dutch form of Shem, meaning "name, renown."
SEMYON: Russian form of Simeon, meaning "hearkening."
SENAN: Variant of Irish Seanán, meaning "little wise one."
SENDER: Yiddish form of Alexander, meaning "defender of mankind."
SENDOA: Basque name meaning "strong."
SENECA: Roman name derived from the Latin word senectus,
meaning "old."
SEOC: Scottish/Gaelic form of English Jack, meaning "God is
gracious."
SEOIRSE: Irish form of Greek Georgios, meaning "earth-worker,
farmer."
SEORAS (Seòras): Scottish form of Greek Georgios, meaning "earth-
worker, farmer."
SEOSAIDH (Seòsaidh): Scottish form of Joseph, meaning "(God) shall
add," which is usually taken to mean "God will add another son."
SEOSAMH: Irish form of Joseph, meaning "(God) shall add," which is
usually taken to mean "God will add another son."
SEPI: Finnish pet form of Sebastian, meaning "from Sebaste," a town
in Asia Minor.
SEPP: German form of Joseph, meaning "(God) shall add," which is
usually taken to mean "God will add another son."
SEPPO: Finnish myth name of a smith god, meaning "smith."
SEPTEMBER: English unisex name derived from the month name, itself
originally the seventh month of the Roman year, meaning "seventh."
SEPTIMUS: Roman name meaning "seventh."
SERAFEIM: Greek form of Latin Seraphinus, meaning "burning one."
SERAFIN: Polish form of Latin Seraphinus, meaning "burning one."
SERAFINO: Italian form of Latin Seraphinus, meaning "burning one."
SERAPHIN (Séraphin): French form of Latin Seraphinus,
meaning "burning one."
SERAPHINUS: "Burning one." Late Latin name derived from Hebrew
seraphim, the name of an order of six-winged angels known as
the "burning ones" mentioned in Isaiah 6:2.
SERGE: French form of Roman Sergius, possibly meaning "servant."
SERGEI: Variant of Russian Sergey, possibly meaning "servant."
SERGEJ: Variant of Russian Sergey, possibly meaning "servant."
SERGEY: Russian form of Roman Sergius, possibly meaning "servant."
SERGHEI: Romanian form of Roman Sergius, possibly meaning "servant."
SERGIO: Italian, Portuguese and Spanish form of Roman Sergius,
possibly meaning "servant."
SERGIU: Variant of Romanian Serghei, possibly meaning "servant."
SERGIUS: Roman family name, possibly of Etruscan origin
meaning "servant."
SERGIUSZ: Polish form of Roman Sergius, possibly meaning "servant."
SESTO: Italian form of Roman Sextus, meaning "sixth."
SET: Egyptian variant of Greek Seth, possibly meaning "dazzle."
SETH:
Biblical name of the third son of Adam and Eve, meaning "appointed,
placed."
Greek form of Egyptian Sutekh, name of the evil god of Chaos who slew
Osiris, possibly meaning "dazzle."
SETHOS: Original form of Greek Seth, possibly meaning "dazzle."
SETI: Egyptian name meaning "of Seth."
SETTIMIO: Italian form of Roman Septimus, meaning "seventh."
SEUMAS: Scottish form of James, meaning "supplanter."
SEVAG: Armenian name meaning "black-eyed."
SEVAN: Armenian unisex name derived from a lake name.
SEVASTIAN: Russian form of Slovene Sebastijan, meaning "from
Sebaste."
SEVASTYAN: Variant of Russian Sevastian, meaning "from Sebaste."
SEVERE (Sévère): French form of Roman Severus, meaning "stern."
SEVERI: Finnish form of Roman Severus, meaning "stern."
SEVERIANO: Italian and Spanish form of Roman Severianus,
meaning "stern."
SEVERIANUS: Roman name derived from Roman Severus, meaning "stern."
SÉVERIN: French form of Roman Severinus, meaning "stern."
SEVERIN: German and Scandinavian form of Roman Severinus,
meaning "stern."
SEVERINO: Italian, Portuguese and Spanish form of Roman Severinus,
meaning "stern."
SEVERINUS: Roman name derived from Severus, meaning "stern."
SEVERO: Italian and Spanish form of Roman Severus, meaning "stern."
SEVERUS: Roman name meaning "stern."
SEWARD: English surname transferred to forename use, itself from the
Middle English form of Anglo-Saxon Siweard, meaning "sea guard."
SEWERYN: Polish form of Roman Severinus, meaning "stern."
SEXTILIUS: Latin name derived from sextus, meaning "sixth."
SEXTUS: Roman name meaning "sixth."
SEYMOUR: English surname transferred to forename use, itself
originally a Norman baronial name from Saint-Maur, which was named
for "St. Maurus."
SHACHAR: Hebrew unisex name meaning "dawn."
SHAD: English nickname for Shadrach, meaning "command of Aku."
SHADI:
Arabic name meaning "singer."
Persian name meaning "happiness."
SHADRACH: In the Old Testament bible, this was Hananiah's Babylonian
name, meaning "command of Aku."
SHAE: Variant of English unisex Shea, possibly meaning "hawk-like."
SHAFAQAT: Arabic unisex name meaning "compassion."
SHAFIQ: Arabic name meaning "compassionate."
SHAHAN: Armenian name meaning "profit-maker."
SHAHAR: Variant of Hebrew unisex Shachar, meaning "dawn."
SHAHJAHAN: "King of the world." Persian name composed of the elements
shah "king" and jahan "world."
SHAHPUR: Persian name meaning "son of the king."
SHAHRIAR: Persian name meaning "lord."
SHAHRIVAR: Persian name meaning "desirable power."
SHAHROKH: Persian name meaning "royal face."
SHAHZAD: Persian name meaning "prince."
SHAI: Hebrew name meaning "gift."
SHAKEEL: Variant of Arabic Shakil, meaning "handsome."
SHAKIL: Arabic name meaning "handsome."
SHAKIR: Arabic name meaning "thankful."
SHALOM: Hebrew name derived from the word for "peace."
SHAMGAR: Biblical name of a judge, meaning "sword."
SHAMUS: English form of Irish Séamus, meaning "supplanter."
SHAN: Chinese unisex name meaning "mountain" for boys and "elegant
bearing" for girls.
SHANDAR: Hindi name meaning "proud."
SHANE: English and Irish variant of Seán, meaning "God is gracious."
SHANI: Hebrew unisex name meaning "red."
SHANKAR: Variant of Hindi Shankara, meaning "makes good luck."
SHANKARA: "Makes good luck." Hindi myth name of Shiva, composed of
the Sanskrit elements sam "lucky" and kara "making."
SHANNEN: Variant of English unisex Shannon, meaning "old river."
SHANNON: "Old river." English unisex name derived from the name of a
river in Ireland, itself composed of the Gaelic elements sean "old, wise" and abhann "river."
SHANT: Armenian name meaning "thunderbolt."
SHANTANU: Hindi myth name of a king of Hastinapura,
meaning "wholesome."
SHANYUAN: Chinese name meaning "mountain source."
SHAQUILLE: English variant of Arabic Shakil, meaning "handsome."
SHARAR: Aramaic biblical name of the father of Ahiam, meaning "firm,
hard."
SHAREEF: Variant of Arabic Sharif, meaning "eminent."
SHARIF: Arabic name meaning "eminent."
SHARMA: Hindi name meaning "comfort, protection."
SHARRU-KINU: Akkadian name meaning "true king."
SHASHI: Hindi name derived from the name for the "moon."
SHAUN: Variant of English Shawn, meaning "God is gracious."
SHAW: English form of Scottish/Gaelic Seaghdh, meaning "hawk-like."
English surname transferred to forename use, meaning "copse, wood."
SHAWN: Variant of English Sean, meaning "God is gracious."
SHAY: Masculine variant of English unisex Shea, possibly meaning "hawk-like."
Variant of Hebrew Shai, meaning "gift."
SIAVUSH: Persian name meaning "possesses black stallions."
SID: Masculine nickname for unisex Sidney, meaning "St. Denis."
SIDNEY: "St. Denis." English surname transferred to unisex forename
use, itself originally a Norman baronial name from Saint-Denis in
France.
SIDONIUS: Roman family name meaning "of Sidon."
SIEFFRE: Welsh form of English Geoffrey, probably meaning "God's
peace."
SIEGBERT: "Bright victory." German name composed of the elements
sige "victory" and beraht "bright."
SIMON: Greek form of biblical Simeon, meaning "hearkening."
SIMONE: Italian form of Greek Simon, meaning "hearkening."
SKENDER: Romanian form of Alexander, meaning "defender of mankind."
SKY: English unisex name derived from the vocabulary word, meaning
simply "sky."
SKYE: Variant of English unisex Sky, meaning "sky."
SKYLAR: Variant of English unisex Schuyler, meaning "protection,
shelter."
SKYLER: Variant of English unisex Skylar, meaning "protection,
shelter."
SPIKE: English nickname transferred to forename use, meaning "spiky
hair."
STAFFORD: "Landing place ford." English surname transferred to
forename use, itself from a place name composed of the Old English
elements staò "landing place" and ford "ford."
STANFORD: "Stone ford." English surname transferred to forename use,
itself from the name of various places composed of the Old English
elements stan "stone" and ford "ford."
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