四氧化三铁是具有磁性的黑色晶体,俗称磁性氧化铁,是一种复杂的氧化物,其中1/3是Fe2+、2/3是Fe3+,Fe3O4可看作是由FeO、Fe2O3形成的化合物。[实质是Fe(FeO2)2,偏铁酸亚铁盐]
级次结构纳米材料是由基本纳米结构单元按照一定规律构筑的一种新体系,它包括一维、二维和三维体系,体系中至少有一个维度方向处于纳米尺度范围,所以
级次结构纳米材料既具备纳米颗粒的本征特性,又存在由纳米结构组合引起的耦合与协同效应,由此赋予了级次结构纳米材料一系列新颖的物理和化学性质,在磁学、光电器件、能量存储、传感和催化等领域有很广阔的应用前景,因此纳米结构材料吸引了化学家和材料学家的极大兴趣。本论文讨论了水热/溶剂热法合成了珊瑚状四氧化三铁、系列核壳结构的硫化物盒子和花状的氢氧化镍的过程,并探索了目的产物的形成机理,表征了其物理化学性质,讨论了性质与其微观结构的关系。 1.葡萄糖助溶剂热合成级次结构的四氧化三铁 在乙二醇/水的混合溶剂体系中,以七水合硫酸亚铁和氢氧化钾为原料,以葡萄糖分子及其衍生物为铁离子的稳定剂,在200℃的溶剂热条件下合成了珊瑚状的级次结构的四氧化三铁,次级结构的Fe3O4由约粒径10nm的纳米晶聚集而成,其中级次结构的根部是纳米晶颗粒无规则聚集而成的,而由根部生长的枝状结构则是定向聚集的,延长反应时间,级次结构最终解离为离散的Fe3O4纳米颗粒。研究表明在KOH碱性条件下,部分葡萄糖氧化为五碳糖、葡萄糖醛酸和葡萄糖苷等衍生物,而葡萄糖分子及其衍生物拥有的丰富羟基和羧基可与铁离子形成稳定螯合物,随着反应的进行,葡萄糖分子及其衍生物逐渐氧化降解,从而缓慢的释放铁离子形成Fe3O4纳米晶,这个过程为级次结构Fe3O4的形成提供了一个速控步,这样就在溶液中形成了一个浓度梯度,该浓度梯度振荡会导致Fe3O4纳米颗粒聚集成珊瑚状级次结构。在热流方向作用下,级次结构以扇形辐射状向外聚集生长,磁性质测试表明级次结构中颗粒间的耦合效应使Fe3O4聚集体在磁场下表现出了较强的矫顽力。 2.基于Kirkendall效应和Pearson酸碱理论合成金属硫化物纳米盒子 本章讨论了首先在Fe3+的辅助下,利用盐酸刻蚀银纳米团簇制得了作为牺牲模板的氯化银纳米方块,接下来利用溶度积效应将氯化银转化为核壳结构的硫化银纳米盒子,阴离子交换过程中伴随的Kirkendall效应造成了硫化银表面和内部空隙的形成最后利用Pearson软硬酸碱理论,以甲醇为溶剂,三丁基膦为银离子的相转移剂进行阳离子交换反应,该过程表现为局域规整反应,制得了形貌和结构的完整性保持良好的硫化镉、硫化铅、硫化锌和硫铟银。紫外-可见漫反射光谱表明,制备的硫化镉纳米盒子在可见光范围内有较好的吸收效率,这归因于硫化镉盒子特殊的核壳结构和硫化镉颗粒间的电子耦合可产生自缩小带隙。 3.超薄纳米片构成的级次花状β-Ni(OH)2的水热合成及其赝电容和气敏性能 以六水合氯化镍和六亚甲基四胺为原料,水热回流合成了超薄纳米片构成的花状β-Ni(OH)2,TEM与SEM观察发现花状结构是由中心位置向外生长了若干纳米片,纳米片边长大于500nm,XRD和HR-TEM表明纳米片厚度约9.5nm,厚度方向为[001]方向,超薄的纳米片可为离子迁移提供了非常短的扩散通道,可快速响应气体分子的吸附,利于提高样品的电化学活性或气敏性质。电化学测量表明,花状结构β-Ni(OH)2制成的电极在1A/g的电流密度下的比电容为1727F/g,增加电流密度到20A/g,样品的比电容仍然可保持到1235F/g。循环测试表明,经过1000次的充放电后,在1A/g时,其比电容只有1.6%的损耗在20A/g时,其比电容的损耗为27.9%。另外,气敏测试,表明β-Ni(OH)2制成的器件对1ppm的乙醇和丙酮依然有响应信号。Magnetic nanoparticles through copolymerization surface and surface modification methods, with polymers or organic or inorganic materials combine to form the nuclear - the shell structure of magnetic microspheres. It has magnetic properties, but also has surface active groups, and to further cells, enzymes, proteins, antibodies and nucleic acids and other biological molecules coupling. The role of the external magnetic field, magnetic particles can be easily and at the end of liquid separation, separation is simple and efficient advantages.
In this paper, chemical precipitation prepared Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles through multiple different conditions of the comparative experiment, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were characterized, prepared by a single particle size than the nanoparticles. As metal oxide nanoparticles on the surface there are a lot of - OH, with the band - COOH the hands of the acid reaction, the hand of this experiment varies acid Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles on a surface modified by XRD, SEM on the Modified After the Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles morphology characterization confirmed that this will enable Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles have in hand, and greatly enhance its dispersion.
As magnetic particles can be controlled by external magnetic field and therefore has a good targeting. To the surface of the hands of the acid-modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles evenly dispersed in cholesteric liquid crystal in the preparation of a Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles / LCD complex system, under certain conditions, a measure of stability. This system not only has the characteristics of the original LCD, but with the Senate to nano-magnetic particles from the singular magnetic properties. The entire system can be controlled by the magnetic field, and magnetic write, erase the magnetic process. Thus the new material could be used in the magnetic field produced by the LCD control device, thus greatly expand the application of the LCD, a better solution of the traditional liquid crystal display energy consumption issues.
Key words: Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, chiral acid surface modification, cholesteric liquid crystal, magnetic control
评论列表(0条)