南海某区OBS多波资料成像

文鹏飞1，2徐云霞1，2张旭东1，2李褔元1，2

（1.广州海洋地质调查局 广州 510760；2.国土资源部海底矿产资源重点实验室 广州 510760）

第一作者简介：文鹏飞（1966—），男，教授级高工，主要从事海洋地震资料处理。E-mail:wenpf@sina.com。

摘要 海底地震OBS（Ocean Botton Seismographs）资料处理与常规地震资料处理有许多不同之处，处理方法也多种多样，本文聚焦于多波资料成像，经过多波处理得到了PP、PS的叠加剖面、叠前偏移剖面和PP的镜像偏移剖面。

关键词 OBS 多波 资料处理 成像

在海上多波多分量勘探中，OBS（Ocean Botton Seismographs）勘探有其独特的优势，而OBS多波资料成像又是OBS资料处理中最具价值的方面［1，2］。

2011年，广州海洋地质调查局在我国南海某区采集了24个OBS站位多波资料，作者对这些OBS数据进行了分析和处理，得到了初步的PP、PS波成像结果，并对结果进行了初步的对比，认为在含气性识别方面，OBS有技术优势［1，3］。

1 采集因素

24个OBS依次投放在一条直线上，每400m放置一个，以该直线为中心设计7条主炮线，间隔为50m，每条主炮线长约30km；另外设计了7条联络炮线，联络炮线间隔为1400m，每条联络炮线长约12km。采用常规汽枪激发纵波，地震激发间隔25m，主炮线覆盖面积约9km2，有效照明面积不足4km2。OBS采用了进口和国产两类，每个OBS均采用了四分量记录：P、Z、PS-X、PS-Y。

2 成像处理步骤

2.1 去噪和反褶积等常规处理

象常规处理一样，去噪、反褶积等处理手段提高多分量数据信噪比和分辨率。这是在野外共检波点道集上进行。

2.2 观测系统建立

建立三维观测系统主要是考虑实际的OBS位置并不在同一直线上，反射点也不在同一直线上。根据实际炮点位置和OBS位置，我们建立了三维的炮检关系，划分了不同的面元。

2.3 重定位

OBS在投放后由于受水流、风向等影响，最终落点与投放位置有偏差，为了准确确定OBS最终位置，重定位非常必要。

应用商业软件提供的旅行时计算方法。通过提取每个OBS的P波初至，计算了OBS的最终位置。

2.4 矢量旋转

矢量旋转（R-T旋转）是多波处理不同于PP处理最明显之处，由于野外OBS的X、Y、Z三分量检波器具有方向性，且OBS放置不能对每一炮都是X、Y方向在炮检平面上，因此X、Y方向的检波器只接收了来自本身方向的波，它们是SV的分量，R-T旋转就是为了合成炮检平面上的SV波。一般地，经旋转后，R（径向）方向上的能量明显增强，而T（垂向）方向上明显减弱。

2.5 PZ合并

理论上水检和陆检接收到的鬼波由于相位相反，经过匹配等处理后进行合并，能有效压制鬼波和多次波，补偿它们造成的陷波，提高分辨率和信噪比，并加强有效波。

2.6 PS波速度分析

完成PP波速度拾取后，对PS的处理，要进行Gamma和Vps扫描，以得到PS速度，从而得到CCP，准确的Vs是作好CCP、PS叠加剖面最重要的步骤。

在商业处理软件Geovation系统中，为方便计算，定义二个关于PS速度的参数gamma和Vps，通过它们可以计算CCP位置。计算公式如下：

Gamma=2Tps/Tpp-1，Vps=sqrt（VpVs）

式中，Tps是PS波的旅行时；Tpp是同一地层的PP波旅行时；Vp、Vs分别是P波、S波的圴方速度。

一般地，通过拾取PP波和PS波的同一层位进行计算，得到初始Gamma，用它对PS数据处理后，迭代得到最终的Gamma和Vps。利用从这二个参数可以进行抽取CCP（共转换点道集）、转换波动校正、转换波叠前偏移等工作。

2.7 PP波成像

在PP成像中，作者对PP的上行波和下行波进行了成像，通常，对上行波成像时由于照明度不及下行波，对海底成像不如下行波好。通过提取经过一次海面反射后的下行波，经过镜像处理，可以得到下行波成像，图1是叠加剖面，图2是镜像叠前时间偏移剖面，从两图中可见，用OBS数据得到的剖面较好地反映了海底、BSR分布带［4］。

2.8 PS波成像

PS波经过定向、旋转、去噪、抽CCP道集等处理后，可以进行叠加、PSTM了。由于海水中不传播S波，所以不能进行镜像偏移，故我们只能对PS波进行上行波的成像。图3是PS叠前时间偏移剖面，它反映了BSR带上更多的信息，仔细对比PP剖面，可以挖掘更多地质含义。

3 纵横波对比的意义

经过PP、PS资料成像，我们可以对两种资料进行对比，从纵横波的反射特征对比中可以预知地下某些地质情况。特别是对气云、真假亮点区别有较好的识别能力。

图1 PP波镜像叠加剖面

Fig.1 PP wave mirror stack section

图2 PP波镜像叠前时间偏移剖面

Fig.2 PP wave mirror pstm section

图3 PS波叠前时间偏移剖面

Fig.3 PS wave pstm section

从本次的成像剖面，我们观察到在CDP1200至1300之间的地层（PP剖面上1600至1800ms处）、CDP1350至1530之间的地层（PP剖面上1600至2100ms处）在PP剖面上没有好的同相轴，而在PS剖面上对应的地层可看到有较好的反射，因此可以初步判断该处地层含气。

PP剖面上1800ms处的强反射可以认为是亮点，对比PS剖面上对应的2300ms处也是强反射，因此可以判断，该处的亮点是假亮点。

4 总结

OBS资料处理技术还不是特别成熟，仍有许多技术瓶颈需要突破，还由于本次OBS站点较少，炮线不多，使得覆盖次数较低，不利于成像，成像质量也不尽如人意。尽管如此，我们还是在OBS处理方面作了不懈的努力，取得了初步的成果，首次尝试处理取得的成果令人鼓舞，相信通过不断的探索，效果会进一步提高。

参考文献

［1］赵邦六，等.2009.多分量地震勘探技术理论与实践.石油工业出版社，8

［2］刘丽华，吕川川，郝天珧，等.2012.海底地震仪数据处理方法及其在海洋油气资源探测中的发展趋势［J］.地球物理学进展，27（6）：047

［3］张佳政，赵明辉，丘学林，等.2012.西南印度洋洋中脊热液A 区海底地震仪数据处理初步成果［J］.热带海洋学报，31（3）：79-89

［4］王祥春，王延峰，夏常亮，等.2012.Kirchhoff 积分法 OBS 数据地震波场延拓［J］.现代地质，26（6）：1231-1236

OBS Multi-Component Data Image in An Area of South China Sea

Wen Pengfei1，2Xu Yunxia1，2Zhang Xudong1，2Li Fuyuan1，2

（1.Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey，Guangzhou，510760；2.Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Reasources，MLR，Guangzhou，510760）

Abstract：Obs data processing is different from convention seismic data processing.There are many processing methods，this paper focus on multi⁃component image，using multi⁃component proceesing method，we gain PP and PS stack sections and PSTM sections and PP mirror PSTM section.Key words：OBS；Multi⁃component；Data processing；Image

很多哦

Terran族

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秃鹫车 Vulture

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机械巨人Goliath

[TGoRdy00] Goliath online.

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[TGoPss01] Checklist protocol initiated.

[TGoPss02] Primary ? level one diagnostic...

[TGoPss03] USDA Selected.

[TGoPss04] FDIC approved.

[TGoPss05] Checklist Completed. SOB.

[TGoWht00] Go ahead Tac-Com.

"Tac-Com" is short for "Tactical Command"

[TGoWht01] Com-link online.

[TGoWht02] Channel open.

[TGoWht03] Systems functional.

[TGoYes00] Acknowledged HQ.

[TGoYes01] Nav-com locked.

[TGoYes02] Confirmed.

[TGoYes03] Target designated.

坦克 Siege Tank

[ttardy00] Ready to roll out!

[TTaDth00] [死亡]

[ttapss00] "女武神之飞驰"(瓦格那的名曲！)

[ttapss01] I’m about to drop the hammer!

[ttapss02] And dispense some indiscriminate justice!

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[ttatra00] [切换为坦克]

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工程兵 SCV

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[TSCDth00] [死亡]

[TSCErr00] I can’t build it, something’s in the way.

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[TSCPss00] Come again, Captain?

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[TSCPss03] I can’t believe they put me in one of these things!

[TSCPss04] And now I gotta put up with this too?

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[TSCPss06] I’m locked in here tighter than a frog’s butt in a watermelon seed fight.

[TSCTra00] ?

运输船 Dropship

[TDrRdy00] Can I take your order?

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大和舰 Battlecruiser

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科学船 Science Vessel

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[tvepss01] E=MC...d’oh let me get my notepad.

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医疗兵 Medic

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[Miopia1] [?]

[TMdDth00] [死亡]

[TMdPss00] I’ve already checked you out commander.

[TMdPss01] You want another physical?

[TMdPss02] Turn your head an cough.

[TMdPss03] Ready for your sponge bath?

[TMdPss04] His EKG is flatlining! Get me a defib stat!

"EKG"是"electrocardiogram"的缩写，意思为心电图。

"defib"是"defibrillator"的缩写，意思为心脏起搏器

[TMdPss05] Clear! *bzzz*

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[TMdWht00] Need medical attention?

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[TMdWht02] State the nature of your medical emergency!

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[TmedCure] [恢复1]

[TmedCure2] [恢复2]

[TMedflsh] [致盲]

[Tmedheal] [补体1]

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[TMedRest] [rest]

[Tmedrest1] [rest]

瓦格雷 Valkyrie

[TVkRdy00] Valkyrie prepared.

[AfterOff]

[AfterOn]

[shoot2]

[TVkDth00] [死亡]

[TVkPss00] This is very interesting...but stupid.

[TVkPss01] I have ways of blowing things up.

[TVkPss02] You’re being very naughty.

[TVkPss03] Who’s your mommy?

[TVkPss04] Blucher!

[TVkPss05] [horses neighing]

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[TVkWht01] I am eager to help.

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"achtung"是"注意"的德文

[TVkYes00] Of course, mein heir.

[TVkYes01] Perfect!

[TVkYes02] It’s showtime!

[TVkYes03] J awoll!

"jowoll"是"好的"的德文

[TVkYes04] Achtung!

(瓦格雷的意思是北欧神话里的女武神，

著名音乐家瓦格那曾写了有名的乐曲《尼伯龙根的指环》，

《女武神的飞驰》就是其中的一章。

因为瓦格那是德国人，所以Valkyrie的声音里很多都是德语)

平民 Civilian

[TCVRdy00] Hey, how’d I get here?

[TCvDth00] [死亡]

[TCvPss00] I wanna be all I can be!

[TCvPss01] I tell you what. I think I’ll join up!

[TCvPss02] I’m a little claustrophobic though.

[TCvPss03] Hope they don’t put me in any tight spaces.

[TCVPss04] Ah, what the hell. I need that college money.

[TCvWht00] Hey there.

[TCvWht01] How ya’ll doing?

[TCvWht02] What’s up?

[TCvWht03] Howdy.

[TCvYes00] I’m goin’.

[TCvYes01] No sweat.

[TCvYes02] Yup.

[TCvYes03] All right.

[TCVYes04] Sure thing.

基地 Advisor

[tadErr00] Not enough minerals.

[tadErr01] Insufficient vespene gas.

[tadErr02] Additional supply depots required.

[tadErr03] Landing sequence interrupted.

[tadErr04] Inacceptable landing zone.

[TAdErr06] Not enough energy.

[tadUpd00] Base is under attack.

[tadUpd01] Your forces are under attack.

[tadUpd02] Research complete.

[tadUpd03] Add-on complete.

[tadUPD04] Nuclear launch detected.

[tadUPD05] Abandoning auxilorary structure.

[tadUPD06] Upgrade complete.

[TAdUpd07] Nuclear missile ready.

Protess族

狂徒 Zealot

龙骑士 Dragoon

光明圣堂武士 High Templar

光明执政官 Archon

伺侯战机 Scout

仲裁者 Arbiter

航母 Carrier

探路者 Observer

暗黑圣堂武士 Dark Templar

海盗船 Corsair

暗黑执政官 Dark Archon

基地 Advisor

狂徒 Zealot

[pzeRdy00] My life for Aiur!

[pzeAtt00] [攻击1]

[pzeAtt01] [攻击2]

[pzeDth00] [死]

[pzeHit00] [psi blades]

[PZePss00] En Taro Adun!

[PZePss01] All for the Empire!

[PZePss02] Doom to all who threaten the homeworld.

[PZeRag00] [rage]

[PZeWht00] What now calls?

[PZeWht01] [Issah’Tu!]

[PZeWht02] I long for combat!

[PZeWht03] [G’hous!]

[PZeYes00] [Gau’gurah!]

[PZeYes01] Thus I serve!

[PZeYes02] Honor guide me!

[PZeYes03] For Adun!

龙骑士 Dragoon

[pdrRdy00] I have returned.

[pdrDth00] [死亡]

[PDrPss00] Unauthorized transmission.

[PDrPss01] Incorrect protocol.

[PDrPss02] "嘟嘟" Drop your weapon. You have 15 seconds to comply.

[PDrPss03] 5,4,3,2,1 "开火"

[PDrWht00] Receiving.

[PDrWht01] Awaiting instructions.

[PDrWht02] Transmit.

[PDrWht03] Input command.

[PDrWht04] [Glah’sos]

[PDrWht05] [Cah’karadahs]

[PDrWht06] Make use of me.

[PDrWht07] I am needed.

[PDrYes00] Confirmed.

[PDrYes01] Initiating.

[PDrYes02] [Loch’tide]

[PDrYes03] [Meto’rah]

[PDrYes04] Commencing.

[PDrYes05] [Nagat’soon]

[PDrYes06] For vengeance.

光明圣堂武士 High Templar

[pteRdy00] [Hasah-hurditum-hari!]

[pteDth00] [死亡]

[PTeHal00] [产生幻象]

[PTeHal01] [幻象消失]

[PTeMov00] [?]

[ptePss00] Your thoughts betray you.

- 天行者Luke的名言, 出自: 星球大战-杰迪归来

[ptePss01] I see you have an appetite for destruction.

[ptePss02] And you learn to use your illusion.

[ptePss03] But I find your lack of control disturbing.

[PTeSto00] [心灵风暴1]

[PTeSto01] [心灵风暴2]

[pteSum00] [合成为执政官]

[pteWht00] Your thoughts?

[pteWht01] [Saragh’ha!]

[pteWht02] I heed thy call.

[pteWht03] State thy bidding.

[pteYes00] You think as I do.

[pteYes01] It shall be done.

[pteYes02] My path is set.

[pteYes03] [Ee’tahk]

光明执政官 Archon

[parRdy00] The merging is complete!

[parDth00] [死亡]

[parMin00] ?

[parPss00] It all looks so different on this side.

[parPss01] Break on through!

[parPss02] It’s beautiful!

[parPss03] They should have sent a poet.

[parWht00] We burn!

[parWht01] We need focus!

[parWht02] [Thorasoh’cahp]

[parWht03] Power overwhelming.

[parYes00] Destroy!

[parYes01] Annihilate!

[parYes02] Obliterate!

[parYes03] Eradicate!

伺侯战机 Scout

[PScRdy00] Teleport successful.

[PScDth00] [死亡]

[PScPss00] Signal unstable.

[PScPss01] Psionic Link dissipating.

[PScPss02] Adjusting neural transmission.

[PScPss03] [后退]

[pscPss04] [...reengaged]

[PScWht00] Awaiting command.

[PScWht01] Standing by.

[PScWht02] Contact.

[PScWht03] Cho’gal

-出自 Warcraft II

[PScYes00] [Chaos]

[PScYes01] [Koh’rahk]

[PScYes02] [...acknowledged]

[PScYes03] It will be done.

仲裁者 Arbiter

[pabRdy00] Warp field stabilized.

[PabCag00]

[pabDth00] [死亡]

[PAbFol00]

[PAbFol01]

[PAbFol02]

[PAbFol03]

[pabPss00] We sense a soul in search of answers.

-出自Diablo里女巫Adria的经典话语

[pabPss01] Do you seek knowledge of time travel?

[pabPss02] We’ll take that as a yes.

[pabPss03] And now for your first lesson. Hahaha.

[pabPss04] *伴随着混乱的背景噪音* Do you seek knowledge of time travel?

[pabWht00] We feel your presence.

[pabWht01] Duras.

- Klingon, Star Trek

[pabWht02] [Gun Adun]

[pabWht03] We are vigilant.

[pabYes00] [In Khast’meen]

[pabYes01] [Jepahca’zoen]

[pabYes02] Gowron.

出自Star Trek-星际旅行

航母 Carrier

[pcaRdy00] Carrier has arrived!

[PCaDth00] [死亡]

[pcaDth01] [死亡]

[PCaPss00] Our enemies are legion!

[PCaPss01] And still you procrastinate!?

[PCaPss02] Command, or you will be relieved!

[PCaPss03] This is not an idle threat!

[PCaWht00] Instructions.

[PCaWht01] Your command?

[PCaWht02] [Loh’Klahs]

[PCaWht03] [Ischk’nu?]

[PCaYes00] Commencing.

[PCaYes01] [Kokal’tulah]

[PCaYes02] [Gau’ju]

[PCaYes03] Affirmative.

探路者 Observer

[PWiRdy00] [birth]

[PWiDth00] [死亡]

[pwiDth01] [死亡]

[pwiPss00] I sense a soul in search of answers.

-出自Diablo里女巫Adria的经典话语

[pwiPss01] It sounds like...a huge, gargantuan, swollen, bloated mushroom!

- 出自Diablo里Griswold的经典话语

[pwiPss02] One small step for man, one giant...(static) STOP POKING ME!!!

-出自Warcraft

[wiPss03] [a short clip from the hidden track in Warcraft II]

[wiPss04] Warcraft zwei, jetzt als Exklusivedition mit dem Expansion Set...4 Boostern und Zauberlehrbuch

-德文,英文意思为"Warcraft two, now as exclusive edition with expansion the set... 4 boosters and charm text book"

[pwiWht00]

[pwiWht01]

[pwiYes00]

[pwiYes01]

暗黑圣堂武士 Dark Templar

[PDtRdy00] Adun Toridas!

[PDTDth00] [死亡]

[PDTPss00] Your taunts are inadvised, Templar.

[PDTPss01] Do not provoke me to violence.

[PDTPss02] You can no more evade my wrath...

[PDTPss03] ...Than you could your own shadow.

[PDTWht00] Yes?

[PDTWht01] Zerashk gulida!

[PDTWht02] I’m waiting.

[PDTWht03] Neraz Gulio.

[PDTYes00] For Aiur.

[PDTYes01] Ner’mah!

[PDTYes02] So be it.

[PDTYes03] Very well.

海盗船 Corsair

[pcordy00] It is a good day to die!

- Klingon motto, Star Trek

[pcopss00] Look at all the pretty lights!

[pcopss01] I wonder what this button does.

[pcopss02] *警报声* I think this was a BIG mistake.

[pcopss03] [唱歌1]

[pcopss04] [唱歌2]

[pcopss05] Zefram Cochrane, is that you?

-Zefram Cochrane, Star Trek中翘曲航行法的发明者

[pcopss06] What did you do to your hair?

[pcorhit1] [hit]

[pcorhit2] [hit]

[pcorlasr1] [laser]

[pcorlasr2] [laser]

[pcorlasr3] [laser]

[pcorlasr4] [laser]

[pcorweb1] [分裂网]

[pcowht00] Ready for battle!

[pcowht01] May I be of service?

[pcowht02] I stand ready.

[pcowht03] Let us attack.

[pcoyes00] Excellent!

[pcoyes01] Adun Toridas!

[pcoyes02] Ah, at last!

[pcoyes03] I thought you’d see it my way.

暗黑执政官 Dark Archon

[pdardy00] We are as one!

[pdapss00] Must consume.

[pdapss01] Or oblivion will take us.

[pdapss02] Adun, save me.

[pdapss03] Darkness overpowering!

[pdawht00] Must have energy!

[pdawht01] We hear you.

[pdawht02] Thoughts in chaos!

[pdawht03] Must feed!

[pdayes00] We’ll go.

[pdayes01] Oblivion awaits!

[pdayes02] We move!

[pdayes03] [呻吟]

基地 Advisor

[PAdErr00] You’ve not enough minerals.

[PAdErr01] You require more vespene gas.

[PAdErr02] You must construct additional pylons.

[PAdErr06] Not enough energy.

[PAdUpd00] We are under attack!

[PAdUpd01] Your warriors have engaged the enemy.

[PAdUpd02] Research complete.

[PAdUpd04] Nuclear launch detected.

[PAdUpd06] Upgrade complete.

Zerg族

生化自爆人 Infested Terran

基地 Advisor

生化自爆人 Infested Terran

[ZBgRdy00] Live for the Swarm!

[ZBgPss00] I am wretched.

[ZBgPss01] But I am strong!

[ZBgPss02] I am the future.

[ZBgPss03] I am Zerg!

[ZBgWht00] Ready to kill!

[ZBgWht01] Prepared to die!

[ZBgWht02] Let me serve!

[ZBgWht03] Sacrifice me!

[ZBgYes00] Yes!

[ZBgYes01] Immediately.

[ZBgYes02] Gladly!

[ZBgYes03] For the Overmind!

基地 Advisor

[ZAdErr00] We require more minerals.

[ZAdErr01] We require more vespene gas.

[ZAdErr02] Spawn more overlords.

[ZAdErr06] Not enough energy.

[ZAdUpd00] The hive cluster is under attack.

[ZAdUpd01] Our forces are under attack.

[ZAdUpd02] Evolution complete.

[ZAdUpd04] Nuclear launch detected.

英雄

Artanis

Fenix [Zealot]

Fenix [Dragoon]

Gantrithor

Tassadar

Zeratul

Norad II

Edmund Duke [Siege Tank]

Kerrigan [Ghost]

Kerrigan [Infested]

Raynor [Marine]

Raynor [Vulture]

Samir Duran [Infested]

Artanis

[patpss00] Explain this odd behavior.

[patpss01] Stop poking me!

[patpss02] What do I look like, an Orc?

[patpss03] This is not Warcraft in space!

[patpss04] It’s much more sophisticated!

[patpss05] I KNOW it’s not 3D!

[patwht00] I am ready.

[patwht01] Direct my wrath.

[patwht02] Yes, Executor.

[patwht03] State your will.

[patyes00] For Aiur.

[patyes01] Consider it done.

[patyes02] Indeed.

[patyes03] I concur.

Fenix [Zealot]

[UFeDth00] [死亡]

[UFePss00] I fear no enemy!

[UFePss01] For the Khala is my strength!

[UFePss02] I fear not death.

[UFePss03] For our strength is eternal!

[UFeWht00] Executor?

[UFeWht01] Your command?

[UFeWht02] What do you ask of me?

[UFeWht03] I hunger for battle.

[UFeYes00] For Aiur.

[UFeYes01] Immediately.

[UFeYes02] [Nach nagala]

[UFeYes03] As you will!

Fenix [Dragoon]

[UFDPss00] I fear no enemy.

[UFDPss01] For Khala is my strength!

[UFDPss02] I fear not death.

[UFDPss03] For our strength is eternal.

[UFDWht00] Executor?

[UFDWht01] Your command?

[UFDWht02] What do you ask of me?

[UFDWht03] I hunger for battle!

[UFDYes00] For Aiur.

[UFDYes01] Immediately.

[UFDYes02] [Nach nagala]

[UFDYes03] As you will.

Gantrithor

[UTCPss00] Speak quickly, Executor.

[UTCPss01] I don’t have time for games.

[UTCPss02] I was Executor long before you.

[UTCPss03] So do not try my patience.

[UTCWht00] Yes, Executor?

[UTCWht01] I hear you.

[UTCWht02] How may I help?

[UTCWht03] Your will?

[UTCYes00] Of course.

[UTCYes01] It shall be done.

[UTCYes02] For Adun.

[UTCYes03] [Terra colon]

Tassadar

[UTaDth00] [死亡]

[UTaPss00] Speak quickly, Executor.

[UTaPss01] I don’t have time for games.

[UTaPss02] I was Executor long before you.

[UTaPss03] So do not try my patience.

[UTaWht00] Yes, Executor?

[UTaWht01] I hear you.

[UTaWht02] How may I help

其实2元不错，就数学方面来说2元是对的，但你没注意到的是这的出题着考察的是经济学的问题，作为一个生意人，讲究的是利润，答案-2元的原因在经济学上很简单的来说：我们假设A花了8元买这只鸡，以9元卖给B，A又以10元买回，11元卖给C，这里的利润经济学上是最大利润，就是A本来以8元的价格买回，本可以11的价格卖出，也就是可获最大利润为3元，但中间出现B，赚了1元，经济学上不仅仅是B赚了1元，而应该是本该A赚的1元被B赚了，纵观整个买卖，A是赚了2元，去掉B赚掉的1元，仅仅赚了1元，现在来说就简单了，本来A该赚3元的买卖只赚了1元，所以损失了2元的经济效益。。

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