linux占用内存最小的是什么版本啊？

64M内存运行linux没有什么问题，但是你如果要看视频、办公，则不能很好的满足需求，尤其是现在很多linux发行的配置要求不必windows低，在64m内存上，你可能连完整的命令行都不能运行（如果想要图形的话），不过也是有实现方法的：

1、slitaz：法国的一个发行，只有30M，也就是你的内存就足以放下这个系统。http://www.slitaz.org/artwork/screenshots.html是官方的图片页面,具有中文输入支持的可以在http://www.eeload.com/chinese/view/v/bc.html下载到，不具备完整的命令行和图形界面，可以供简单的上网（不可浏览flash）和简单工作，不能播放视频

2、pubby：只有100M，但是拥有完备的命令行和出色的图形界面，可以播放视频、看flash等等，也可以完成很多slitaz可以的任务，但是对于64m的内存，你最好要设置大一点的交换分区，其运行速度应该不会比你当年用的win98差

3、arch：这个不适合新手但也很小巧

这个大小基本上都是LiveCD了,LiveCD没听说有什么好的包管理之类的东西..要是只是试试,那还可以.如果是真的要使用,恐怕不太容易

Debian最小安装之后应该在330M左右.安装过程中需要的空间也就在400M多一些,500M应该是可以装的,不过交换分区可能就没法设置了.如果你的内存小的话,那就不太好办了

Gentoo应该也是可以的,不过不能从源码编译了

还没有具体看过,呵呵.不过给你贴份我的收藏.

主流服务器UNIX操作系统用户帐号的设置

账号设置 HP-UX FreeBSD Solaris (SPARC)

密码文件 /etc/passwd

/tcb/files/auth/r/root /etc/passwd

/etc/master.passwd /etc/passwd

/etc/shadow

组文件 /etc/group

/etc/logingroup /etc/group /etc/group

允许最大用户ID 2147483647 65535 2147483647

允许远程登录的用户文件设置 /etc/securetty

{console} /etc/ttys

{secure} /etc/default/login

{CONSOLE=/dev/console}

Nobody的UID -2 65534 60001 &65534(nobody4)

Nobody的GID -2(nogroup) 65534 60002 &65534(nogroup)

找回ROOT密码 >boot

Interact with IPL ? Y

ISL>hpux -iS

passwd root ok boot -s

passwd root boot cdrom -s

mkdir /tmp/a

mount /dev/c0t0d0s0 /tmp/a

vi /tmp/a/etc/shadow

创建新用户 useradd adduser Useradd

删除用户 userdel rmuser Userdel

列出用户 logins Logins

修改用户账号 usermod Usermod

账号设置 AIX Linux( RedHat )

密码文件 /etc/passwd

/etc/security/passwd /etc/passwd

/etc/shadow

组文件 /etc/group

/etc/security/group /etc/group

允许最大用户ID 4294967295 65535

允许远程登录的用户文件设置 /etc/security/user

{rlogin=true} /etc/securetty

{ttyp1}

Nobody的UID 4294967294 99

Nobody的GID 4294967294 99

找回ROOT密码 Boot from CD/Tape

Installation/Maintenance

Start Limited Shell

getrootfs hdisk0

vi /etc/security/passwd {lilo}

control-x

linux S

passwd root

{grub}

c

kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single ro root=/dev/hda8

initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img

boot

passwd root

创建新用户 mkuser Useradd

删除用户 rmuser Userdel

列出用户 lsuser -f ALL

修改用户账号 chuser -a usermod

主流服务器UNIX操作系统目录结构对比

Directory Mappings AIX FreeBSD HP-UX

Root filesystem / {/dev/hd4} / {/dev/ad0s1a} / {/dev/vg00/lvol1}

Home Directory /home {/dev/hd1} /home {/dev/vg00/lvol4}

/tmp {/dev/hd3} /tmp {/dev/vg00/lvol6}

/usr {/dev/hd2} /usr {/dev/ad0s1f} /usr {/dev/vg00/lvol7}

/var {/dev/hd9var} /var {/dev/ad0s1e} /var {/dev/vg00/lvol8}

Sample configuration files - /usr/newconfig

Directory Mappings Linux( RedHat ) Solaris Tru64

Root filesystem / {/dev/sda1} / {/dev/vx/dsk/rootvol} /{/dev/rz0a}

Home Directory /export/home {dev/vx/dsk/home}

/tmp {dev/vx/dsk/swapvol}

/usr /usr {/dev/rz0g}

/var

Sample configuration files

主流服务器UNIX操作系统常用命令

General Commands AIX FreeBSD HP-UX Linux(RedHat) Solaris Tru64

Unique host ID Hostid uname -i hostid hostid hostid

Administrator Smit Sam linuxconf admintool netconfig

Performance monitor Topas(有过top)

monitor top Top

glance Top top top

System activity reporter Sar sa Sar sar

Virtual Memory statistics Vmstat vmstat vmstat vmstat vmstat vmstat

I/O statistics Iostat iostat iostat iostat iostat

Error logs alog -o -t boot

errpt dmesg dmesg Dmesg dmesg uerf -R -o full

Physical RAM 1M TB4TB 64GB{>2.3.24} 16TB 4TB

Shared Memory 64K TB8TB sysctl kernel.shmmax

Process Data Space 384K TB4TB 900 MB

Swap device /dev/hd6 /dev/ad0s1b /dev/vg00/lvol2 /dev/sda2 /dev/vx/dsk/swapvol /dev/rz0b

Swap file type /etc/swapspaces swap swap partition type 82 swap raw

Display swap size lsps –a swapinfo swapinfo -a Free swap -l swapon -s

Activate Swap swapon -a swapon -a swapon -a swapon -a swap -a swapon -a

主流服务器UNIX操作系统打印机、TCP/IP设置

Printers AIX FreeBSD HP-UX

Printer Queues /etc/qconfig /var/spool/print /etc/lp/interface/*

Stop LP stopsrc -s lpd lpshut

Start LP startsrc -s lpd Lpd lpsched

Submit print jobs enq

lp

lpr

qprt Lp lp

LP statistics enq -A

lpq

lpstat

qchk Lpq lpstat

Remove print jobs cancel

lprm

qcan

enq –x Cancel

lprm cancel

Add printer queue smit mkpq lpadmin -p pq

Remove Printer Q smit rmpq lpadmin -x pq

Make default Prt export LPDEST="pq" lpadmin -d pq

TCP/IP AIX FreeBSD HP-UX

Network IP configuration lsattr -E -l inet0 /etc/rc.conf /etc/rc.config.d/netconf

Hosts IP addresses /etc/hosts /etc/hosts /etc/hosts

Name service switch /etc/netsvc.conf /etc/host.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf

Network parameters no –a Sysctl ndd -h

Routing daemon Gated Routed gated

NIC Configurations ifconfig –a ifconfig -a lanscan -v

Secondary IP Addr ifconfig en0 alias IP ifconfig xl0 alias IP ifconfig lan0:1 IP

(solaris also)

Login prompt HERALD @

/etc/security/login.cfg telnetd –b /etc/issue

Increase the # of pseudo-terminals odmget -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" PdAt | sed "s/0-64/0-512/" |

odmchange -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" -o PdAt

chdev -l pty0 -anum=256 -P

reboot rebuild your kernel with these new values NPTY=#

NSTRPY=#

reboot

insf -d ptys -n #

insf -d ptym -n #

insf -d pts -s # -e -v

Maximum # of ptys 512 {MAXUSERS}

Remote Shell Remsh

rsh Rsh remsh

YP/NIS service binder /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind /usr/sbin/ypbind /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind

主流服务器UNIX操作系统打印机、TCP/IP设置 续

Printers Linux (Redhat) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64

Printer Queues /var/spool/lpd/lp/* /etc/lp/interfaces/* /usr/spool/lpd

Stop LP /etc/init.d/lpd stop /usr/lib/lp/lpshut /sbin/init.d/lpd stop

Start LP /etc/init.d/lpd start /usr/lib/lp/lpsched /sbin/init.d/lpd start

Submit print jobs Lpr Lp

lpr Lp

lpr

LP statistics Lpq Lpstat Lpstat

Remove print jobs Lprm Cancel

lprm cancel

lprm

Add printer queue Printtool lpadmin -p pq Lprsetup

Remove Printer Q lpadmin -x pq Lprsetup

Make default Prt lpadmin -d pq export PRINTER="lp"

TCP/IP Linux( RedHat ) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64

Network IP configuration /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ /etc/hostname.*

/etc/inet/*

/etc/defaultrouter /etc/rc.config

Hosts IP addresses /etc/hosts /etc/inet/hosts /etc/hosts

Name service switch /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/svc.conf

Network parameters sysctl -a | grep net Ndd /dev/[tcp|ip] ?

Routing daemon routed in.routed routed

NIC Configurations ifconfig -a ifconfig –a ifconfig -a

Secondary IP Addr modprobe ip_alias

ifconfig eth0:1 IP ifconfig hme0:1 IP up ifconfig ln0 alias

Login prompt /etc/issue BANNER @

/etc/default/telnetd /etc/issue

Increase the # of pseudo-terminals cd /dev

./MAKEDEV -v pty {/etc/system}

set pt_cnt = # {SYSV}

set npty = # {BSD}

{/etc/iu.ap}

ptsl 0 # ldterm ttcompat

halt

boot –r cd /dev

./MAKEDEV PTY_1

Maximum # of ptys 256 176 {BSD}

3000 {SYSV} 8192

Remote Shell rsh Rsh rsh

YP/NIS service binder /sbin/ypbind /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind /usr/sbin/ypbin

主流服务器UNIX操作系统系统文件

System Files AIX FreeBSD HP-UX

NFS exported /etc/exports /etc/exports /etc/exports

NFS Client mounted directories /etc/xtab /etc/xtab

Max File System 128 GB 128 GB

Max File Size 64 GB 128 GB

Max # File Descriptors 64 K 60~ K

System Files Linux (RedHat) Solaris Tru64

NFS exported /etc/exports /etc/dfs/dfstab

/etc/dfs/sharetab /etc/exports

NFS Client mounted directories /var/lib/nfs/xtab /etc/rmtab /var/adm/mountdtab

Max File System 2 TB 1 TB

8000 TB {vxfs} 128 GB {<= 3.2G}

512 GB {>= 4.0}

16 TB {advfs}

Max File Size 2 GB{512B block size}

8192 GB {8KB block size} 1 TB

2 GB {=<2.5.1} 128 GB {<= 3.2G}

512 GB {>= 4.0}

16 TB {advfs}

Max # File Descriptors sysctl fs.file-max 64 K 64 K

主流服务器UNIX操作系统磁盘与逻辑卷命令

DISK/LVM Commands AIX FreeBSD HP-UX

Filesystem table /etc/filesystems /etc/fstab /etc/fstab

Free disk blocks df -k df -k Bdf

Device listing lsdev -C /sbin/ioscan

Disk information bootinfo -s hdisk# fdisk -v ad0 diskinfo /dev/rdsk/c#t#d#

Disk Label lspv -l hdisk# disklabel ad0 pvdisplay -v /dev/dsk/C#t#d#

LVM Concepts Partition sub disk logical extents

Volume Volume logical volume

Plex

Volume group volume group

Journal Filesystem type jfs Vxfs

Default volume group /dev/rootvg /dev/vg00

Display volume group lsvg -l rootvg vgdisplay -v vg00

Modify physical volume chpv Pvchange

Prepare physical disk mkdev -c disk -l hdisk# pvcreate

List physical volume lspv vinum ld pvdisplay

Remove disk from volume group reducevg vgreduce

Move logical volumes to another physical volumes migratepv vinum move -f drive object pvmove

Create volume group mkvg vgcreate

Remove volume group vgremove

Volume group availability chvg

varyonvg

varyoffvg vgchange

Restore volume group vgcfgrestore

Exports volume group exportvg vgexport

Imports volume group importvg vgimport

Volume group listing lsvg Vgscan 是一样的么？

Change logical volume characteristics chlv lvchange

List logical volume lslv vinum lv lvdisplay

Make logical volume mklv lvcreate

Extend logical volume extendlv lvextend

Reduce logical volume AIX reduce LV Lvreduce 如何用？

Remove logical volume rmlv vinum rm vol lvremove

Prepare boot volumes bootlist -m normal lvlnboot

Remove boot volumes lvrmboot

Extend File system chfs -a size=# /mt extendfs /dev/vg00/lvol8

fsadm -F vxfs -b {LE * 1024} /mt

Reduce/Split mirrors rmlvcopy lvsplit

Merge mirrors lvmerge

Create mirrors mklv -c 2 vinum mirror drive lvcreate -m 1

Add mirrors mklvcopy lv 2lvextend -m 1

Create striped volumes mklv -u 3 -S 64K vinum stripe drive lvcreate -i 3 -I 64

System recovery tape mksysb -i /dev/rmt0 /opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery

Backup savevg -i rootvg vinum saveconfig fbackup

Restore restvgfrecover

主流服务器UNIX操作系统磁盘与逻辑卷命令 续

DISK/LVM Commands Linux (RedHat) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64

Filesystem table /etc/fstab /etc/vfstab /etc/fstab

Free disk blocks df -k df –k df -k

Device listing cat /proc/devices Sysdef

Disk information cat /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/model format -d c#t#d#

format>current

format>inquiry file /dev/rrz0c

Disk Label fdisk -l Prtvtoc disklabel -p rz0

LVM Concepts logical extents sub disk sub disk

logical volume Volume Volume

Plex Plex

volume group disk group disk group

Journal Filesystem type ext2 居然是jfs的？ Vxfs Advfs 居然是jfs的？

Default volume group /dev/vx/dsk/rootdg

居然有 vg？ /dev/vol/rootdg

居然有 vg？

Display volume group vgdisplay -v vxprint -l -g rootdg volprint -l -g rootdg

Modify physical volume pvchange

Prepare physical disk pvcreate vxdiskadd voldiskadd

List physical volume pvdisplay vxprint -dl volprint -dl

Remove disk from volume group vgreduce vxdg rmdisk voldg rmdisk

Move logical volumes to another physical volumes pvmove vxassist move volassist move

Create volume group vgcreate vxdg init voldg init

Remove volume group vgremove

Volume group availability vgchange

Restore volume group vgcfgrestore

Exports volume group vgexport vxdg deport voldg deport

Imports volume group vgimport vxdg import voldg import

Volume group listing vgscan

Change logical volume characteristics lvchange vxedit set voledit set

List logical volume lvdisplay vxprint -vl volprint -vl

Make logical volume lvcreate vxassist make volassist make

Extend logical volume lvextend vxassist growto volassist growto

Reduce logical volume lvreduce vxassist shrinkto volassist shrinkto

Remove logical volume lvremove vxedit rm voledit -g rootdg -rf rm vol1

Prepare boot volumes lilo vxbootsetup

Remove boot volumes

Extend File system resize2fs vxva

mkfs -M

Reduce/Split mirrors lvsplit

Merge mirrors lvmerge

Create mirrors vxassist mirror volassist make vol 100mb mirror=true

Add mirrors

Create striped volumes lvcreate -i 3 -I 64 vxassist make vol 100mb layout=raid5 volassist make vol 100mb layout=stripe

System recovery tape /usr/sys/bin/btcreate

Backup tar cvf /dev/rst0 / ufsdump vdump

Restore tar xvf /dev/rst0

这一列对不对？ ufsrestore vrestore

主流服务器UNIX操作系统安装与卸载

Software AIX FreeBSD HP-UX

Install Software installp -a pkg_add swinstall

Uninstall software installp -u pkg_delete swremove

List installed software lslpp -L all pkg_info -a swlist

Verify installed software lppchk -v swlist -l fileset -a state

List all files lslpp -f fileset pkg_info -L package swlist -l file fileset

List installed patches instfix -i swlist -l patch

what /stand/vmunix

Package owner lslpp -w path swlist -l file | grep path

SW Directory /usr/lpp /var/db/pkg /var/adm/sw/

Software Linux (RedHat) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64

Install Software rpm -i package pkgadd setld -l

Uninstall software rpm -e package pkgrm setld -d

List installed software rpm -qa pkginfo setld -i

Verify installed software rpm -V package pkginfo -i

pkginfo -p setld -v

List all files rpm -ql package pkgchk -l package setld -i package

List installed patches patchadd -p dupatch -track -type patch

Package owner rpm -qf file pkgchk -l -p path

SW Directory /var/lib/rpm /var/sadm /var/adm/smlogs

主流服务器UNIX操作系统技术支持信息

Links AIX HP-UX Linux (RedHat)

FAQ AIX-FAQ

HP-UX FAQ 这个和我知道的一个？ LINUX FAQ

Online Manual AIX 4.3 Books

HP-UX 11.00 Collection

Linux Documentation Project

Technical Support RS/6000 TechSupport

IT Resource Center

Red Hat support

Phone Number 1-800-CALL-AIX 1-800-633-3600 1-888-REDHAT1

Free Software Bull

HP-UX Ports

Linux Software Map

Certification www.ibm.com

education.hp.com

RHCE

Links FreeBSD Solaris (SPARC) Tru64

FAQ FreeBSD FAQ

Solaris 2 FAQ

Tru64 FAQ

Online Manual FreeBSD Hand Book

Solaris 7 Documentation

Tru64 Documents

Technical Support SunSolve

Alpha Systems Support

Phone Number 1-800-USA-4SUN

Free Software FreeBSD Primary Site

Sun Freeware

Tru64 Demos, Shareware &Freeware

Certification suned.sun.com

ASE Information

主流服务器UNIX操作系统其它命令

MISC AIX FreeBSD HP-UX

Startup script /etc/rc /etc/rc /sbin/rc

Kernel /usr/lib/boot/unix_up /kernel /stand/vmunix

Kernel Parameters lsattr -E -l sys0 sysctl -a sysdef kmtune kmsystem

Reconfigure the kernel

chdev -l sys0 -a cd /sys/i386/conf

vi KERNEL

config KERNEL

cd ../../compile\

/KERNEL

make depend

make

make install cd /stand/build\

/usr/lbin/sysadm\

/system_prep -v -s system

vi system

mk_kernel -s system

cd /stand

mv system system.prev

mv vmunix vmunix.prev

mv dlkm dlkm.prev

mv /stand/build\

/system system

kmupdate /stand/build\

/vmunix_test

List modules genkex kldstat kmadmin –s

Load module kldload kmadmin –L

Unload module kldunload kmadmin –U

Initialize system install_assist /stand/sysinstall set_parms initial

Physical RAM bootinfo -r sysctl hw.physmem grep -i Physical\ /var/adm/syslog\

/syslog.log

Kernel Bits bootinfo -k getconf KERNEL_BITS

Crash utility Crash crash Adb

Trace System Calls Syscalls truss tusc

Machine model uname -m

bootinfo -m uname -m model

uname -m

OS Level Oslevel uname -r uname -r

Run Level who –r who -r

Core dump files /var/adm/ras /var/adm/crash

Boot single user Key on service mode/F4

Boot from CD/Tape

Select Maintenance

Limited function Shell ok boot –s >boot

Interact with IPL ? Y

ISL>hpux -iS

Maintenance mode ok boot –as >boot

Interact with IPL ? Y

ISL>hpux -lm

Interrupt Key control-B

Return to console Co

Timezone Management /etc/environment

/etc/profile /etc/localtime /etc/TIMEZONE

NTP Daemon

如何用它？ /etc/ntp.conf

startsrc -s xntpd /etc/rc.conf {xntpd enable="YES"}

/etc/rc.network /etc/rc.config.d\

/netdaemons

/sbin/init.d/xntpd

主流服务器UNIX操作系统其它命令 续

MISC Linux (RedHat) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64

Startup script /etc/rc.d/rc /sbin/init.d /sbin/init.d

Kernel /boot/vmlinuz /kernel/genunix /vmunix

Kernel Parameters sysctl -a sysdef –I sysconfig dxkerneltuner

Reconfigure the kernel cd /usr/src/linux

make mrproper

make menuconfig

make depcleanbzImageinstall

make modules

make modules_install

cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz

mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.4.img 2.4

vi /etc/lilo.conf

lilo vi /etc/system

reboot doconfig

List modules lsmod modinfo

Load module insmod modload

Unload module rmmod modunload

Initialize system netconf sys-unconfig netsetup

Physical RAM free prtconf uerf | grep memory

Kernel Bits getconf WORD_BIT isainfo -kv 64

Crash utility lcrash

crash kdbx

Trace System Calls strace truss trace

Machine model uname -m uname -imp uname -p

OS Level uname -r uname -r sizer -v

Run Level runlevel who -r who -r

Core dump files /var/crash/`uname -n`

Boot single user {lilo}

control-x

linux S

{grub}

c

kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single ro root=/dev/hda8

initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img

boot ok boot -s >>>boot -fl s

Maintenance mode ok boot -as

Interrupt Key Stop-A control-P

Return to console ok go

Timezone Management /etc/sysconfig/clock /etc/TIMEZONE

/etc/default/init /etc/svid3_tz

timezone

NTP Daemon /etc/ntp.conf

/etc/rc.d/init.d/xntpd /etc/inet/ntp.conf

/etc/init.d/xntpd rcmgr set XNTPD_CONF YES

/sbin/init.d/xntpd

主流服务器UNIX操作系统设备管理

Devices AIX FreeBSD HP-UX

Devices /dev /dev /dev

Install devices for attached peripherals cfgmgr –v /dev/MAKEDEV insf -e

Remove device rmdev –l rmsf

Device drivers Lscfg lsdev

CPU lsdev -Cc processor sysctl hw.model ioscan -fnC processor

List Terminal lsdev -Cc tty ioscan -fnC tty

Diagnostics Diag pciconf -l Stm

Whole Disk /dev/hdisk# /dev/ad0s1c /dev/dsk/c#t#d0

CDROM /dev/cd0 /dev/acd0c /dev/dsk/c#t2d0

CDROM file type Cdrfs cd9660 Cdfs

Rewinding tape drive /dev/rmt0 /dev/rwt0d /dev/rmt/0m

Floppy drive /dev/rfd0 /dev/fd0 -

Non-rewinding tape drive /dev/rmt0.1 /dev/nrwt0d /dev/rmt/0mn

Devices Linux (RedHat) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64

Devices /dev /devices /dev

Install devices for attached peripherals /dev/MAKEDEV drvconfig

devlinks

disks

tapes

ports scu scan edt

scsimgr -scan_all

Remove device rem_drv

Device drivers prtconf -D

CPU cat /proc/cpuinfo psrinfo -v psrinfo -v

List Terminal pmadm -l

Diagnostics /usr/platform/`uname -m`/

sbin/prtdiag

ok test-all

/opt/SUNWvts/bin/sunvts

Whole Disk /dev/sda /dev/c#t#d0s2 /dev/rz0c

CDROM /dev/cdrom /dev/dsk/c#t6d0s2 /dev/rz3c

CDROM file type iso9660 hsfs cdfs

Rewinding tape drive /dev/rst0 {c 9 0} /dev/rmt/0 /dev/rmt0

Floppy drive /dev/fd0 /dev/diskette /dev/fd0c

Non-rewinding tape drive /dev/nrst0 {c 9 128} /dev/rmt/0n /dev/nrmt0

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