韩语音标该怎样运用?

韩语音标该怎样运用?,第1张

1.韩文字母 “Hangul”是指韩国人使用的文字,1443年由朝鲜王朝第4代世宗大王创作的。韩文有24个字母,其中14个是子音,其余的10个是母音

母音:

子音:

韩国语与中国语一样,子音和母音配合而成1个字。韩文的写法是从左到右、从上而下写。

例子

�9�2+�9�3+�9�6=�6�3 �9�3+�9�6+�9�3=�7�0

h+a+n=Han g+u+k=Guk

�6�3�7�0=Hanguk

本教材,按照韩国教育部制定的韩文罗马字母发音原则来标记。基本发音是以韩国语标准发音为准。

2.复合母音和复合子音

复合母音是由2个以上母音结合而成的母音

例子)�9�3+�9�4=�7�3

复合子音是由2个子音结合而成的子音

例子)�9�0+�9�3=�9�7

3. 尾 音 韩国语的每一个字,子音可放在母音的前面和后面.

包括复合子音在内的19个子音都可放在母音的前面,但�9�0、�9�1、�9�73个子音不可放在母音的后面.

放在母音的后面而要发音的子音叫‘尾音’.

19个子音当中,除了�9�0、�9�1、�9�7 3个子音之外的16个子音都可当尾音,

但它们的发音只有�9�5、�9�9、�9�6、�9�1、�9�0、�9�9、�9�36个子音的发音.4. 念一念

1) 母音 �9�3[a] �9�5[ya] �9�7[eo] �9�9[yeo]

�9�1[o] �9�5[yo] �9�6[u] �9�0[yu]

�9�1[eu] �9�3[i]

例子)

�2�3�3�3[ai] �2�3�3�7[au] �2�9�3�9[yayu] �2�1�3�9[yeoyu]

�2�7�3�3[oi] �3�7�3�9[uyu] �3�3�3�9[iyu] 2)子音

�9�3[giyeok] �9�6[nieun] �9�9[digeut] �9�1[rieul]

�9�9[mieum] �9�0[bieup] �9�3[siot] �9�5[ieung]

�9�6[jieut] �9�8[chieut] �9�9[kieuk] �9�0[tieut]

�9�1[pieup] �9�2[hieut]

例子 �9�3:

�7�7�8�5[geogi] �7�9�7�5[goga] �7�9�8�5[gogi] �2�3�7�5[aga]

�2�3�8�5[agi] �2�9�7�9[yagu] �2�1�8�5[yeogi] �3�3�2�9�8�5[iyagi]

例子 �9�6:

�8�1[na] �8�3[neo] �8�1�3�3[nai] �8�5�7�9[nugu]

�8�5�8�1[nuna] �2�5�8�5[eoneu] �8�5�8�5�3�3[nunu-i]

例子 �9�9:

�5�3�9�9[tada] �0�7�9�3[modu] �9�3�0�9[duru] �2�5�9�9[eodi]

�3�5�9�9[juda] �9�3�9�9�2�5[deudieo]

例子 �9�1:

�0�3�0�5[miri] �7�9�7�9�0�3[goguryeo] �9�9�0�5[dari] �2�7�0�5[ori]

�3�9�0�5[yori] �3�7�0�5[uri] �8�7�0�7�0�3[kkureomi]

例子 �9�9:

�8�1�0�7[namu] �0�5�0�9[meoru] �0�5�0�5[meori] �0�3�0�9[maru]

�2�5�0�5�9�1[eomeoni]  

例子 �9�0:

�1�1�8�9[binyeo] �9�3�1�5[dubu] �0�1�9�9[bada] �0�1�1�5[babo]

�1�5�2�1[bosu] �1�5�1�5[bubu] �0�1�8�1�8�1[banana]

例子 �9�3:

�7�1�2�1[gyosu] �2�1�0�5[sori] �1�7�3�1[saja] �1�9�0�5[seori]

�2�1�2�1[susu] �2�1�2�1�0�9[seuseuro] �2�1�2�7�0�9[susiro]

例子 �9�6:

�3�1�2�1[jasu] �0�1�3�1[baji] �3�3�8�5[jeogi] �3�5�0�1[joryu]

�3�5�0�5�9�1[jumeoni] �2�3�0�3�3�1[abeoji]

例子 �9�8:

�4�7�4�7[chacha] �4�1�2�1[chusu] �4�7�3�5[chijeu] �4�9�0�3[cheoma]

�3�5�4�7[jucha] �0�3�4�9[micheo]

例子 �9�9:

�5�5�9�9�0�5[kidari] �4�9�4�9�2�3[kokoa] �5�9�0�5�2�1�0�3�2�1[keuriseumaseu] �4�3�9�9[kyeoda]

�5�9�9�9[keuda] �4�7�3�1�9�9[keojida]

例子 �9�0:

�5�3�3�5[tajo] �9�3�5�7�0�5[dotori] �5�3�2�1[tasu] �5�7�3�1[tuji]

�0�3�5�5[beoteo] �5�7�0�3�5�7[tomato]

例子 �9�2:

�6�9�0�9[haru] �6�1�2�1�2�3�1�1[heosuabi] �6�5�3�1[hyuji] �6�3�0�9�9�5�8�5[horuragi]

�6�5�7�5[hyuga] �6�1�0�5[heori]

3) 韩国文字的基本结

�7�5[ga] �7�1[gya] �7�7[geo] �7�3[gyeo]

�7�9[go] �7�1[gyo] �7�9[gu] �8�1[gyu]

�8�9[geu] �8�5[gi] �8�1[na] �8�7[nya]

�8�3[neo] �8�9[nyeo] �8�5[no] �8�7[nyo]

�8�5[nu] �8�7[nyu] �8�5[neu] �9�1[ni]

�9�9[da] �9�5[dya] �9�1[deo] �9�7[dyeo]

�9�3[do] �9�5[dyo] �9�3[du] �9�5[dyu]

�9�3[deu] �9�9[di] �9�5[ra] �0�1[rya]

�0�7[reo] �0�3[ryeo] �0�9[ro] �0�1[ryo]

�0�9[ru] �0�1[ryu] �0�9[reu] �0�5[ri]

�0�3[ma] �0�9[mya] �0�5[meo] �0�1[myeo]

�0�7[mo] �0�9[myo] �0�7[mu] �0�9[myu]

�0�7[meu] �0�3[mi] �0�1[ba] �0�7[bya]

�0�3[beo] �1�9[byeo] �1�5[bo] �1�7[byo]

�1�5[bu] �1�7[byu] �1�5[beu] �1�1[bi]

�1�7[sa] �1�3[sya] �1�9[seo] �1�5[syeo]

�2�1[so] �2�3[syo] �2�1[su] �2�3[syu]

�2�1[seu] �2�7[si] �2�3[a] �2�9[ya]

�2�5[eo] �2�1[yeo] �2�7[o] �3�9[yo]

�3�7[u] �3�9[yu] �3�7[eu] �3�3[i]

�3�1 [ja] �3�7[jya] �3�3[jeo] �3�9[jyeo]

�3�5[jo] �3�7[jyo] �3�5[ju] �3�7[jyu]

�3�5[jeu] �3�1[ji] �4�7[cha] �4�3[chya]

�4�9[cheo] �4�5[chyeo] �4�1[cho] �4�3[chyo]

�4�1[chu] �4�3[chyu] �4�1[cheu] �4�7[chi]

�4�5[ka] �4�1[kya] �4�7[keo] �4�3[kyeo]

�4�9[ko] �4�1[kyo] �4�9[ku] �5�1[kyu]

�5�9[keu] �5�5[ki] �5�3[ta] �5�9[tya]

�5�5[teo] �5�1[tyeo] �5�7[to] �5�9[tyo]

�5�7[tu] �5�9[tyu] �5�7[teu] �5�3[ti]

�5�1[pa] �5�7[pya] �5�3[peo] �5�9[pyeo]

�5�5[po] �5�7[pyo] �5�5[pu] �5�7[pyu]

�5�5[peu] �6�1[pi] �6�9[ha] �6�5[hya]

�6�1[heo] �6�7[hyeo] �6�3[ho] �6�5[hyo]

�6�3[hu] �6�5[hyu] �6�3[heu] �6�9[hi]

4) 韩国文字的基本结 

�9�4[ae] �9�6[yae] �9�8[e] �9�0[ye]

�9�2[wa] �9�3[wae] �9�4[oe] �9�7[wo]

�9�8[we] �9�9[wi] �9�2[ui] ..

例子) �9�4:

�2�1[ae] �7�3[gae] �0�9[bae] �1�5[sae]

�6�7[hae] �7�3�0�3[gaemi] �8�5�9�3[norae] �2�9�4�5[yachae]

�3�1�3�7�7�3[jiugae] .. .. ..

例子) �9�6:

�2�7[yae] �7�9[gyae] �2�7�8�5[yaegi] ..

例子) �9�8:

�2�3[e] �8�1[ne] �7�5�7�5[gage] �2�1�1�7�0�3[susemi]

�3�1�1�1[jebi] �0�3�2�3�0�5[meari] �5�3�3�3�5�5[teipeu] ..

例子) �9�0:

�2�9[ye] �5�7[pye] �1�7�7�1[segye] �2�7�7�1[sigye]

�5�7�6�9[pyeha] .. .. ..

例子) �9�2:

�2�5�9�5[wara] �3�3�3�7[jwau] �4�7�7�7[chikkwa] �7�7�3�1[gwaja]

�2�1�4�5�6�1[suchaehwa] �7�1�7�7�1�9[gyokkwaseo] .. ..

例子) �9�3:

�2�3[wae] �9�9�3�1[dwaeji] �4�5�3�9[kwaeyu] ..

例子) �9�4:

�8�9[noe] �3�1�1�5[oebu] �6�7�7�1[hoegye] �2�5�7�9�8�5[soegogi]

�3�1�7�1[oegyo] .. .. ..

例子) �9�7:

�9�1�3�5�3�9[deowoyo] �7�9�0�3�3�5�3�9[gomawoyo] �4�1�3�5�3�9[chuwoyo] �0�5[mwo]

例子) �9�8:

�7�5�9�3[gwedo] �3�3�3�3�5�5[weiteo] .. ..

例子) �9�9:

�3�1[wi] �1�7�0�3�7�3[samagwi] �4�5�0�3[chwimi] �9�7[dwi]

�3�9[jwi] �2�5�9�9[swida] .. ..

例子) �9�2:

�3�5�0�3[uimi] �3�5�1�7[uisa] �3�5�0�5[uiri] �3�5�3�1[uiji]

�3�5�3�5[ju-ui] �6�7�3�5[hoe-ui] .. .. 5) Double Vowels

�9�4[ssang kiyeok] �9�0[ssang digeut] �9�1[ssang bieup] �9�4[ssang siot]

�9�7[ssang jieut]

例子)

�8�3[kka] �8�9[kkya] �8�5[kkeo] �8�1[kkyeo]

�8�7[kko] �8�9[kkyo] �8�7[kku] �8�9[kkyu]

�8�7[kkeu] �8�3[kki]

�9�7[tta] �9�3[ttya] �9�9[tteo] �9�5[ttyeo]

�9�1[tto] �9�3[tty] �9�1[ttu] �9�3[ttyu]

�9�1[tteu] �9�7[tti]

�1�9[ppa] �1�5[ppya] �1�1[ppeo] �1�7[ppyeo]

�1�3[ppo] �1�5[ppyo] �1�3[ppu] �1�5[ppyu]

�1�3[ppeu] �1�9[ppi]

�2�5[ssa] �2�1[ssya] �2�7[sseo] �2�3[ssyeo]

�2�9[sso] �2�1[ssyo] �2�9[ssu] �2�1[ssyu]

�2�9[sseu] �2�5[ssi]

�3�9[jja] �3�5[jjya] �3�1[jjeo] �3�7[jjyeo]

�3�3[jjo] �3�5[jjy] �3�3[jju] �4�5[jjyu]

�4�3[jjeu] �4�9[jji]

例子) �9�4:

�8�3�0�3�7�3[kkamagwi] �8�7�9�9[kkeuda] �3�5�8�3[jokki] �8�7�0�5[kkori]

�8�7�0�7�8�5[kkureogi]

例子) �9�0:

�9�7�0�9�9�9[ttareuda] �6�1�0�5�9�7[heoritti] �9�1[tto] �9�1�9�9[tteuda]

�1�7�9�1[satto]

例子) �9�1:

�1�3�0�5[ppuri] �1�1�8�7�8�5[ppeokkugi] �1�9�9�9[ppida] �2�3�1�9[appa]

�1�3�1�3[ppoppo]

例子) �9�4:

�2�5�9�9[ssada] �2�5�3�7�9�9[ssauda] �2�9�9�9[sseuda] �3�3�2�9�2�7�7�3[issusiga]

�2�3�3�3�2�5[ajeossi]

例子) �9�7:

�3�9�9�9[jjada] �0�3�4�9[beojji] �4�9�8�5�8�5[jjikkeogi] �3�9�0�5[jjari] 6) Final Consonant

Final Consonant �0�9 �3�3

[k] �9�3,�9�9,�9�4

[n] �9�6

[t] �9�9, �9�3, �9�4, �9�6, �9�8, �9�0, �9�2

[l] �9�1

[m] �9�9

[p] �9�0, �9�1

[o] �9�5 Ex) �9�3:

�7�0�2�8[gokssik] �8�3�2�7[nakssi] �1�5�2�9[bueok] �0�3[bak]

�7�5�8�0[gageuk] �0�3�2�2[miyeok] �3�1�4�2[jichuk] �9�4[duk]

�1�0�2�8[seoksik] �2�8[ok] .. ..

Ex) �9�6:

�1�1[san] �8�9[non] �8�9[nun] �9�7[don]

�0�3�7�1[migwan] �3�7�2�1�3�5[jeonsinju] �4�1�7�9[chin-gu] �2�9�9�1[eonni]

�3�5�3�5[jinju] �2�7�9�7[andae] .. ..

Ex) �9�9:

�0�4[meot] �7�6[got] �8�0[nat] �8�4[nat]

�0�6[bat] �2�6[ot] �2�0[yeot] �8�0[kkot]

�1�2�0�1[satppa] �6�7�9�9[haetta] �9�6�2�1�0�5[datssori] ..

Ex) �9�1:

�9�7[dal] �8�3[gil] �0�3�3�5[maeul] �2�5�2�5[yeonsil]

�1�9�3�5[seoul] �1�3[bul] �7�3�3�5[gae-ul] �3�3�3�5[jeo-ul]

�1�1�0�1[bimil] .. .. ..

Ex) �9�9:

�0�3[mom] �2�7[sum] �8�1�4�7[gimchi] �7�1[gam]

�3�9�2�3[jeomsim] �1�7�9�1[saram] �3�3�0�5[ireum] �1�5[seom]

�0�3�3�3[maeum] .. .. ..

Ex) �9�0:

�3�0[ip] �2�9[ap] �2�7[yeop] �2�7[sup]

�4�4[keop] �0�8[bap] �2�3�6�0[ahop] �3�1�7�6[ilgop]

�2�1�9�9[eoptta] �2�2�9�9[eoptta] .. ..

Ex) �9�5:

�1�7�9�6[sarang] �7�6[gang] �1�0[ppang] �3�9�0�4[yuryeong]

�8�0�0�5[naengmyeon] �1�0[seong] �7�6�8�2�4�0[gangnangkong] �6�8[hyeong]

�2�1�2�2[suyeong] .. .. .. �3�3�3�6�0�8�4�3 �9�4 �8�5�5�3 �0�8�4�3�3�5 �0�9�3�3�2�9

�2�8�9�9[antta] �0�0[mok] �0�2�9�9[maktta] �6�2[heuk]

�3�2�9�9[iktta] �2�1�9�2[yeodeolp] �8�4�9�9[neolptta] �0�2�9�9[baptta]

�6�2�9�9[haltta] �3�1�9�9[euptta] �7�3[gap] �2�3�9�9[eoptta]

�1�7�9�9[samtta] .. .. .. 5.尊敬语 韩国语是尊敬语发达的语言。 按照进行对话的状况和对方年龄、地位,表现不同。比如说,“快点来”这句话,韩国人可以说出以下4种不同的表现。 1. �2�5�1�9�2�7�2�4�2�7�2�7.

2. �2�5�1�9 �2�7�1�7�3�9.

3. �2�5�1�9 �2�5�3�9.

4. �2�5�1�9 �2�5. 尊敬语的语尾包括

-�2�8�9�1�9�9. �9�0�9�1�9�9. �2�1�3�9. �2�3�3�9. �2�5�3�9. 例子) �3�2�9�9(原形) �3�2 + �2�8�9�1�9�9. �3�2�2�8�9�1�9�9.(尊敬语)

�7�5�9�9(原形) �7�5 + �9�0�9�1�9�9. �7�2�9�1�9�9.(尊敬语)

�1�5�9�9(原形) �1�5 + �2�3�3�9 �1�5�2�3�3�9(尊敬语)

�7�5�9�9(原形) �7�5 + �2�3�3�9 (�9�3 + �9�3 = �9�3) �7�5�3�9 6.助词 �7�5/�3�3 位于每句话主语后面,也就是说这一助词前面的名词、代词、数词应该是那句话的主语。 �3�5/�0�7 位于每句话宾语后面,也就是说这一助词前面的名词和代词应该是那句话的宾语。 例子)

�4�7�2�1�7�5 �7�0�3�5 �4�5�2�5�3�9.(哲洙打球.)

�7�0�3�3 �4�7�2�1�0�7 �4�5�2�5�3�9.(球打哲洙.) '�2�3' '�2�3�1�9' 位于名词的后面。但这一名词应该是指方向或目的地的名词。

'�2�3' '�2�3�1�9' 相当于现代汉语里的‘到’或‘在’。

例子)

�1�9�3�5�2�3 �7�5�3�9. (到汉城去.) �6�0�7�1�2�3�1�9 �7�0�1�5�6�7�3�9. (在学校念书。)

�0�9/�3�7�0�9 位于名词后面。这一助词表示道具或方法。

例子)

�5�2�2�7�0�9 �7�5�3�9. (坐出租汽车去。) 7. 肯定与否定韩国语的句子语尾为 �3�3�9�9 ,那么那句话是肯定的.

句子语尾为(�3�3/�7�5) �2�3�9�1�9�9 ,那么那句话是否定的. 例子)

�8�9�8�9 �6�3�7�0 �1�7�9�1�3�3�9�9.(他是韩国人)/ �8�9�8�9 �6�3�7�0 �1�7�9�1�3�3 �2�3�9�1�9�9.(他不是韩国人)

�3�3�9�9/�2�3�9�9 (有,没有)例子)

�8�9�8�9 �6�3�7�0 �4�1�7�9�7�5 �3�3�9�9.(他有韩国朋友.)/ �8�9�8�9 �6�3�7�0 �4�1�7�9�7�5 �2�3�9�9.(他没有韩国朋友) �2�7(�0�3) �8�9�8�9 �8�1�4�7�0�7 �0�6�8�9�9�9.(他吃韩国泡菜.)/ �8�9�8�9 �8�1�4�7�0�7 �2�7 �0�6�8�9�9�9.(他不吃韩国泡菜.)例子)

�8�1�4�7�0�7 �0�6�8�9�9�9. (I eat Gimchi.) / �8�1�4�7�0�7 �2�7 �0�6�8�9�9�9. (I don't eat Gimchi.) 8. 时 态韩国语时态,基本上分为现在、过去及未来3种时态.

在现在时态句子的谓语里加上 �2�3 �2�5 �2�1 ,就变成过去时态句子. 例子) �7�0�1�5�6�9�9�9. �7�0�1�5�6�9 + �2�1 + �9�9. �7�0�1�5�6�9�2�1�9�9(�7�0�1�5�6�7�9�9.) I study. I studied.

�1�5�9�9. �1�5 + �2�3 + �9�9. �1�5�2�3�9�9. I live. I lived.

�0�6�9�9. �0�6 + �2�5 + �9�9. �0�6�2�5�9�9. I eat. I ate. 在现在时态句子的谓语里加上 �7�5 �3�5 �7�7 �9�1�7�7 ,就变成未来时态句子. 例子) �7�5�9�9. �7�5 + �7�5 + �9�9. �7�5�7�5�9�9. I go. I will go.

�7�5�9�9. �7�5 + �9�1 �7�6 + �3�3 + �9�9. �7�3 �7�6�3�3�9�9. I go. I will go.

�7�5�9�9. �7�5 + �9�1 �7�7 + �9�9. �7�3�7�7�9�9. I go. I will go.

下面这些是最常用的韩国姓氏了, 声明, 是在资料上加工, 绝非直接复制的

左侧第一个注音是通常发音, 后面的是不同情况下的其他发音, 一般以第一个为准

가 贾 Ga Ka

간 简 Gan Kan

갈 葛 Gal Kal, Garl

감 甘 Gam Kam, Karm

강 康 Gang Kang, Kahng, Kwang

개 介 Gae

견 甄 Gyeon Kyun, Kyeon, Kyen

경 景 Gyeong Kyung, Kyoung, Kung

계 桂 Gye Kye, Kay, Kae

공 公 Gong Kong, Koung, Goung

곽 郭 Gwak Kwak

구 古 Gu Koo, Ku, Goo, Kou, Kuh

국 国 Guk Kook, Kuk, Gook, Cook

군 君 Gun

궁 弓 Gung Koong, Kwoong

권 权 Gwon Kwon, Kwan

근 斤 Geun Geun, Keun

금 琴 Geum Keum, Kum, Gum

기 奇 Gi Ki, Kee, Key, Gee

길 吉 Gil Kil, Gill, Keel

김 金 Gim Kim, Kym

나 羅 Na Ra, Nah, La, Rha

남 南 Nam Narm

낭 浪 Nang Nahng, Lang

내 乃 Nae Na

노 路 No Noh, Ro

단 单 Dan Dahn

당 谭 Dang Tang

대 大 Dae Dai, Dea

도 陶 Do Doh, Dho, To, Doe

동 董 Dong Tong

동방 东方 Dongbang

두 杜 Du Doo, Dou

류 余 Ryu Ryoo, Yoo

마 马 Ma Mar

만 万 Man

매 美 Mae Mea

맹 孟 Maeng Mang, Maeing

명 明 Myeong Myung, Myoung

모 苗 Mo Moh, Mao

목 莫 Mok Mog

묵 墨 Muk

문 文 Mun Moon, Mon, Moun

미 米 Mi

민 闵 Min

박 朴 Bak Park, Pak

반 潘 Ban Bahn, Pan

방 方 Bang Pang, Bhang

배 裵 Bae Bai, Bea, Pae, Pai

백 白 Baek Baik, Back

범 范 Beom Bum

비 毕 Bi Bee

빈 宾 Bin Been

사 谢 Sa Sha

삼 森 Sam

상 尚 Sang

서 徐 Seo Suh, Su

석 石 Seok Suk

선 宣 Seon Sun

설 雪 Seol Sul

성 成 Seong Sung Song

소 苏 So Soh, Sho, Soo

송 宋 Song Soung, Shong

순 舜 Sun Soon

승 升 Seung SungSeong

시 施 Si Shi, Sea

신 申 Sin Shin, Shinn, Sheen

양 杨 Yang Ryang

어 Eo Uh, Eoh

엄 严 Eom Um

여 余 Yeo Yu Yea

연 連 Yeon Youn

염 廉 Yeom Yum Yeoum

오 吴 O Oh, Au

온 温 On Ohn, Ohnn

왕 王 Wang Wong

요 姚 Yo

원 袁 Won Weon, Woon

유 劉 Yu Yoo, Ryu

육 陆 Yuk Yook Ryuk

윤 尹 Yun Yoon, Yeun

은 殷 Eun Eun

이 李 I Lee, Yi, Ree, Rey

장 张 Jang Chang, Zhang

전 传 Jeon Jun, Chun

정 郑 Jeong Jung, Cheong

조 左 Jo Cho, Joe, Joh

증 军 Jeung Zeng

진 金 Jin Chin, Jean, Gin, Zhin, Chen

차 车 Cha Tcha

채 蔡 Chae Chai, Che

최 崔 Choe Choi

추 朱 Chu Choo, Chou

탁 卓 Tak Tark

판 潘 Pan

팽 彭 Paeng Pang

1.韩文字母 “Hangul" 是指韩国人使用的文字,1443年由朝鲜王朝第4代世宗大王创作的。韩文有24个字母,其中14个是子音,其余的10个是母音。 韩国语与中国语一样,子音和母音配合而成1个字。韩文的写法是从左到右、从上而下写。 本教材,按照韩国教育部制定的韩文罗马字母发音原则来标记。基本发音是以韩国语标准发音为准。 2.复合母音和复合子音 3. 尾音 韩国语的每一个字,子音可放在母音的前面和后面. 包括复合子音在内的19个子音都可放在母音的前面,但、、3个子音不可放在母音的后面. 放在母音的后面而要发音的子音叫‘尾音’. 19个子音当中,除了、、 3个子音之外的16个子音都可当尾音, 但它们的发音只有、、、、、、6个子音的发音. 4.念一念 1) 母音 [a] [ya] [eo] [yeo] [o] [yo] [u] [yu] [eu] [i] 例子) [ai] [au] [yayu] [yeoyu] [oi] [uyu] [iyu] 2)子音 [giyeok] [nieun] [digeut] [rieul] [mieum] [bieup] [siot] [ieung] [jieut] [chieut] [kieuk] [tieut] [pieup] [hieut] 例子: [geogi] [goga] [gogi] [aga] [agi] [yagu] [yeogi] [iyagi] 例子: [na] [neo] [nai] [nugu] [nuna] [eoneu] [nunu-i] 例子: [tada] [modu] [duru] [eodi] [juda] [deudieo] 例子: [miri] [goguryeo] [dari] [ori] [yori] [uri] [kkureomi] 例子: [namu] [meoru] [meori] [maru] [eomeoni] 例子: [binyeo] [dubu] [bada] [babo] [bosu] [bubu] [banana] 例子: [gyosu] [sori] [saja] [seori] [susu] [seuseuro] [susiro] 例子: [jasu] [baji] [jeogi] [joryu] [jumeoni] [abeoji] 例子: [chacha] [chusu] [chijeu] [cheoma] [jucha] [micheo] 例子: [kidari] [kokoa] [keuriseumaseu] [kyeoda] [keuda] [keojida] 例子: [tajo] [dotori] [tasu] [tuji] [beoteo] [tomato] 例子: [haru] [heosuabi] [hyuji] [horuragi] [hyuga] [heori] 3) 韓國文字的基本結 [ga] [gya] [geo] [gyeo] [go] [gyo] [gu] [gyu] [geu] [gi] [na] [nya] [neo] [nyeo] [no] [nyo] [nu] [nyu] [neu] [ni] [da] [dya] [deo] [dyeo] [do] [dyo] [du] [dyu] [deu] [di] [ra] [rya] [reo] [ryeo] [ro] [ryo] [ru] [ryu] [reu] [ri] [ma] [mya] [meo] [myeo] [mo] [myo] [mu] [myu] [meu] [mi] [ba] [bya] [beo] [byeo] [bo] [byo] [bu] [byu] [beu] [bi] [sa] [sya] [seo] [syeo] [so] [syo] [su] [syu] [seu] [si] [a] [ya] [eo] [yeo] [o] [yo] [u] [yu] [eu] [i] [ja] [jya] [jeo] [jyeo] [jo] [jyo] [ju] [jyu] [jeu] [ji] [cha] [chya] [cheo] [chyeo] [cho] [chyo] [chu] [chyu] [cheu] [chi] [ka] [kya] [keo] [kyeo] [ko] [kyo] [ku] [kyu] [keu] [ki] [ta] [tya] [teo] [tyeo] [to] [tyo] [tu] [tyu] [teu] [ti] [pa] [pya] [peo] [pyeo] [po] [pyo] [pu] [pyu] [peu] [pi] [ha] [hya] [heo] [hyeo] [ho] [hyo] [hu] [hyu] [heu] [hi] 4) 韓國文字的基本結 [ae] [yae] [e] [ye] [wa] [wae] [oe] [wo] [we] [wi] [ui] .. 例子) : [ae] [gae] [bae] [sae] [hae] [gaemi] [norae] [yachae] [jiugae] .. .. .. 例子) : [yae] [gyae] [yaegi] .. 例子) : [e] [ne] [gage] [susemi] [jebi] [meari] [teipeu] .. 例子) : [ye] [pye] [segye] [sigye] [pyeha] .. .. .. 例子) : [wara] [jwau] [chikkwa] [gwaja] [suchaehwa] [gyokkwaseo] .. .. 例子) : [wae] [dwaeji] [kwaeyu] .. 例子) : [noe] [oebu] [hoegye] [soegogi] [oegyo] .. .. .. 例子) : [deowoyo] [gomawoyo] [chuwoyo] [mwo] 例子) : [gwedo] [weiteo] .. .. 例子) : [wi] [samagwi] [chwimi] [dwi] [jwi] [swida] .. .. 例子) : [uimi] [uisa] [uiri] [uiji] [ju-ui] [hoe-ui] .. 5) Double Vowels [ssang kiyeok] [ssang digeut] [ssang bieup] [ssang siot] [ssang jieut] 例子) [kka] [kkya] [kkeo] [kkyeo] [kko] [kkyo] [kku] [kkyu] [kkeu] [kki] [tta] [ttya] [tteo] [ttyeo] [tto] [tty] [ttu] [ttyu] [tteu] [tti] [ppa] [ppya] [ppeo] [ppyeo] [ppo] [ppyo] [ppu] [ppyu] [ppeu] [ppi] [ssa] [ssya] [sseo] [ssyeo] [sso] [ssyo] [ssu] [ssyu] [sseu] [ssi] [jja] [jjya] [jjeo] [jjyeo] [jjo] [jjy] [jju] [jjyu] [jjeu] [jji] 例子) : [kkamagwi] [kkeuda] [jokki] [kkori] [kkureogi] 例子) : [ttareuda] [heoritti] [tto] [tteuda] [satto] 例子) : [ppuri] [ppeokkugi] [ppida] [appa] [ppoppo] 例子) : [ssada] [ssauda] [sseuda] [issusiga] [ajeossi] 例子) : [jjada] [beojji] [jjikkeogi] [jjari] 6) Final Consonant Final Consonant[k],, [n] [t], , , , , , [l] [m] [p], [o] Ex) : [gokssik] [nakssi] [bueok] [bak] [gageuk] [miyeok] [jichuk] [duk] [seoksik] [ok] .. .. Ex) : [san] [non] [nun] [don] [migwan] [jeonsinju] [chin-gu] [eonni] [jinju] [andae] .. .. Ex) : [meot] [got] [nat] [nat] [bat] [ot] [yeot] [kkot] [satppa] [haetta] [datssori] .. Ex) : [dal] [gil] [maeul] [yeonsil] [seoul] [bul] [gae-ul] [jeo-ul] [bimil] .. .. .. Ex) : [mom] [sum] [gimchi] [gam] [jeomsim] [saram] [ireum] [seom] [maeum] .. .. .. Ex) : [ip] [ap] [yeop] [sup] [keop] [bap] [ahop] [ilgop] [eoptta] [eoptta] .. .. Ex) : [sarang] [gang] [ppang] [yuryeong] [naengmyeon] [seong] [gangnangkong] [hyeong] [suyeong] .. .. .. [antta] [mok] [maktta] [heuk] [iktta] [yeodeolp] [neolptta] [baptta] [haltta] [euptta] [gap] [eoptta] [samtta] .. .. 5.尊敬语 韩国语是尊敬语发达的语言。 按照进行对话的状况和对方年龄、地位,表现不同。比如说,“快点来”这句话,韩国人可以说出以下4种不同的表现。 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 尊敬语的语尾包括 -. . . . . 例子) (原形) + . .(尊敬语) (原形) + . .(尊敬语) (原形) + (尊敬语) (原形) + ( + = )6.助词 / 位于每句话主语后面,也就是说这一助词前面的名词、代词、数词应该是那句话的主语。 / 位于每句话宾语后面,也就是说这一助词前面的名词和代词应该是那句话的宾语。 例子).(哲洙打球.).(球打哲洙.) '' '' 位于名词的后面。但这一名词应该是指方向或目的地的名词。 '' '' 相当于现代汉语里的‘到’或‘在’。 例子) . (到汉城去.) . (在学校念书。) / 位于名词后面。这一助词表示道具或方法。 例子) . (坐出租汽车去。) 7. 肯定与否定 韩国语的句子语尾为 ,那么那句话是肯定的. 句子语尾为(/) ,那么那句话是否定的. 例子).(他是韩国人)/.(他不是韩国人) / (有,沒有) 例子).(他有韩国朋友.)/.(他没有韩国朋友) ().(他吃韩国泡菜.)/.(他不吃韩国泡菜.) 例子) . (I eat Gimchi.) / . (I don't eat Gimchi.) 8. 时态 韩国语时态,基本上分为现在、过去及未来3种时态. 在现在时态句子的谓语里加上,就变成过去时态句子. 例子) . + + . (.) I study. I studied. . + + . . I live. I lived. . + + . . I eat. I ate. 在现在时态句子的谓语里加上 ,就变成未来时态句子. 例子) . + + . . I go. I will go. . + + + . . I go. I will go. . + + . . I go. I will go.


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