求sas统计软件与畜牧业或动物营养或饲料等具体应用的关系

SAS系统全称为Statistics Analysis System，最早由北卡罗来纳大学的两位生物统计学研究生编制，并于1976年成立了SAS软件研究所，正式推出了SAS软件。SAS是用于决策支持的大型集成信息系统，但该软件系统最早的功能限于统计分析，至今，统计分析功能也仍是它的重要组成部分和核心功能。SAS现在的版本为9.0版，大小约为1G。经过多年的发展，SAS已被全世界120多个国家和地区的近三万家机构所采用，直接用户则超过三百万人，遍及金融、医药卫生、生产、运输、通讯、政府和教育科研等领域。在英美等国，能熟练使用SAS进行统计分析是许多公司和科研机构选材的条件之一。在数据处理和统计分析领域，SAS系统被誉为国际上的标准软件系统，并在96～97年度被评选为建立数据库的首选产品。堪称统计软件界的巨无霸。在此仅举一例如下：在以苛刻严格著称于世的美国FDA新药审批程序中，新药试验结果的统计分析规定只能用SAS进行，其他软件的计算结果一律无效！哪怕只是简单的均数和标准差也不行！由此可见SAS的权威地位。

在畜牧业中，我们会从生产中获取很多数据以评估生产成绩和分析产品质量，这些庞杂的数据只有经过科学系统的整理分析才能得出有指导意义的结果，这时SAS统计软件就可以帮助我们了。

如果是学生，那么SAS软件的最直接用处就是用于分析实验数据，是一项必需掌握的工具。

SE指的是化学元素。

硒是一种非金属元素，化学符号是Se，在化学元素周期表中位于第四周期VI A族（第34号元素）。可以用作光敏材料、电解锰行业催化剂、动物体必需的营养元素和植物有益的营养元素等。

硒在自然界的存在方式分为两种：无机硒和植物活性硒。无机硒一般指亚硒酸钠和硒酸钠，从金属矿藏的副产品中获得；后者是硒通过生物转化与氨基酸结合而成，一般以硒代蛋氨酸的形式存在。

硒的化学性质：

硒在空气中燃烧发出蓝色火焰，生成二氧化硒（SeO2）。与氢、卤素直接作用，与金属能直接化合，生成硒化物。不能与非氧化性的酸作用，但它溶于浓硫酸、硝酸和强碱中。

硒经氧化作用得到二氧化硒。溶于水的硒化氢能使许多重金属离子沉淀成为微粒的硒化物。硒与氧化态为+1的金属可生成两种硒化物，即正硒化物（M2Se）和酸式硒化物（MHSe）。

正的碱金属和碱土金属硒化物的水溶液会使元素硒溶解，生成多硒化合物（M2(Se)n），和硫能形成多硫化物相似。

提高双低菜籽皮对反自动物营养价值的研

摘要

本研究以双低菜籽皮的中性洗涤纤维(NeutralDetergentFiber，NDF)含量为评

定指标。采用混合嵌套设计从干式NaOH法(处理时间分别为d1、d2、3d)、尿素

氨化法(处理时间分别为1d0、1d5、ZOd)、碱化一氨化复合处理(处理时间分别为

15d、ZOd、25d)筛选出最佳处理组及其处理时间采用L(3‘)正交设计筛选出最

佳配比的纤维素酶、B一葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶和a一淀粉酶处理组从而得到最佳化学

处理组和最佳复合酶制剂处理组。采用扫描电子显微镜(SacunnigEleetrno

Mcriosocpe，SEM)技术分析上述最佳处理组处理的双低菜籽皮的结构并分别以

稻草、未处理双低菜籽皮、经最佳化学组处理的双低菜籽皮、经最佳复合酶制剂组

处理的双低菜籽皮为粗料配制不同日粮，研究其对湖北麻城黑山羊的生长性能的影

响。试验结果如下:

与对照组(未处理组)相比，双低菜籽皮经干式Na0H法、尿素氨化法、碱化-

氨化复合法处理后中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量降低，中性洗涤纤维2h4降解率升高。

双低菜籽皮经不同化学方法处理后，中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量组间差异极显著

P(<0

.

01)，中性洗涤纤维2h4降解率组间差异极显著P(<0.01)双低菜籽皮经

同种方法不同时间处理后，时间对NDF含量及中性洗涤纤维24h降解率的影响是极

显著(P<0.01)。就中性洗涤纤维2h4降解率而言，干式NaOH处理组比对照组的

分别提高了74.22%、66.16%、58，64%，尿素氨化处理组比对照组的分别提高了

63

.

81%、19.()7%、巧.64%，碱化一氨化复合处理组比对照组的分别提高了28.88%、

58

.

04%、7.79%。

双低菜籽皮经不同配比的复合酶制剂处理后NDF含量组间差异不显著

P(>.005)，中性洗涤纤维2h4降解率组间差异不显著P(>.005)。与对照组相比，

NDF含量均下降，分别降低了8.15%、6.59%、8.56%、9.81%、8.42%、9.57%、

7

.

n%、7.62%、8.05%中性洗涤纤维24h降解率均有所提高，分别提高了88.07%、

89，05%、72.75%、61.42%、59.29%、54.77%、68.72%、64.96%、90.74%。

扫描电镜观察发现处理前后双低菜籽皮的物理结构变化显著。未处理的双低菜

籽皮结构紧密，细胞器清晰可见经过碱化一氨化复合处理之后，薄壁组织膨胀，

形成一些“孔穴”结构，并且大部分的细胞器解体脱落:经过复合酶制剂处理后双

低菜籽皮表面光滑，“孔穴”结构更加规则，并且细胞器基本完全解体脱落。表明双

低菜籽皮经过处理后细胞壁疏松，为瘤胃液的渗透提供有利的条件，从而提高双低

当动物营养价值的研究

菜籽皮的利用效率。

两种处理方法处理的双低菜籽皮组与稻草组相比，山羊的采食量、日增重、料

肉比差异显著(P<.005)与未处理的双低菜籽皮组相比，差异不显著P(>.005)，

但山羊的采食量和日增重有所提高，料肉比下降。

结果表明，双低菜籽皮经碱化一氨化复合法在常温下处理20d后效果最佳双低

菜籽皮的最佳复合酶制剂的配比为纤维素酶0.38469、B一葡聚糖酶0.16679、木聚糖

酶0.20009和a一淀粉酶0.01259(添加比例为在5009双低菜籽皮中的含量)。碱化

一氨化复合处理和复合酶制剂处理能够提高双低菜籽皮的营养价值，并且饲喂经最

佳处理组处理的双低菜籽皮可以提高山羊的生长性能。

关键词:双低菜籽皮氨化复合酶制剂扫描电镜瘤胃尼龙袋法

目录

中文摘要···············，····································，·················，·······································……I

英文摘要······················································································，····················，··……111

1

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前言·······························，··················································································……1

1

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1开发双低菜籽皮饲料的重要性·················，··············································……1

1.2双低菜籽皮的特点和营养价值·······························································……2

1

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3低质粗饲料的处理方法·····，·，··，······，··················，······································……2

1.4低质粗饲料在反当动物饲料利用中存在的问题························，··········……7

1

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5本试验研究的目的和意义·······································································……9

2

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材料与方法······································，·······························································……9

2.1样品的采集·································，·····························································……9

2.2处理双低菜籽皮的化学方法·····，·····························································……9

2.3处理双低菜籽皮的酶制剂方法，·········，·············································，······……10

2.4双低菜籽皮营养成分瘤胃降解率的测定···············································……n

2.5扫描电子显微镜分析···············································································……12

.26山羊饲养试验···························································································……13

2.7检测指标···································································································……13

2，8一计算公式与数据处理·······················································，·····················……‘’14

3

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结果与分析··，·····，·······，··，，，···，····，，······································································……14

3，1双低菜籽皮的主要成分含量········，··························································一14

3

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2化学处理双低菜籽皮的成分分析···············································，···········……14

3.3复合酶制剂处理双低菜籽皮的成分分析···············································……17

3.4扫描电镜分析处理前后双低菜籽皮结构的变化···································……20

3

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5不同处理饲粮对山羊生长性能的影响···················································……23

4

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讨论······，···················，···，·····，，，·····················，，····················································……23

4.1双低菜籽皮经不同方法处理效果的比较···············································……23

4

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2不同处理对双低菜籽皮物理结构的影响········，······································……26

4

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3不同处理饲粮对山羊生长性能的影响··················································，……26

结论···，···········，······································································································……28

参考文献·······，··················································································，···················……29

致谢··········，·····，···，·············，·····，·············································································……35

附录······················································································································……36

005届硕士学位论文

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